Abstract
Objective:To find the frequency of regular breakfast consumption among Pakistani teenagers while the other objective was to find out the association between breakfast consumers (BC) and intelligence quotient (IQ).Methods:This comparative cross sectional study was conducted on 102 students of a Public School Rawalpindi from August 2013 to January 2014. Participants were categorised into two groups i.e. regular breakfast consumers (RBC) and irregular breakfast consumers (IBC) according to their breakfast habits. A standardized questionnaire of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Childrenwas used for IQ assessment. Data was then entered and analysed in SPSS version 20.Result:Out of the 102 individuals with mean age 17.17 ± 0.631, 58(56.9%) were females and 44 (43.1%) were males. There were 63 (61.8%) RBC while 39 (38.2%) were IBC. Among RBC there were 7 (6.9%) in challenged, 5 (4.9%) were below average, 33 (32.4%) in average group, 14(13.7%) in above average and 4 (3.9%) in gifted group. While among IBC, there was 1 (1%) among the severely challenged, 3 (2.9%) in challenged, 8 (7.8%) in below average, 22 (21.6%) in average group, 4 (3.9%) in above average and 1 (1%) in gifted group. There was no significant association found between breakfast intake and IQ level among students (p=0.98).Conclusion:More than half of the students were having regular breakfast. There was no significant association found among breakfast consumers and IQ. However the IQ score was more among RBC as compared to IBC.
Highlights
Diet is one of the dominant and preventable health problems
Our study showed results show more trends towards breakfast consumption i.e. regular breakfast consumers (RBC) being 63 (61.8%) and irregular breakfast consumers (IBC) being 39 (38.2%)
There was no significant association found among breakfast consumers and intelligence quotient (IQ) grade
Summary
Diet is one of the dominant and preventable health problems. Adoption of healthyl food intake patterns is an essential foundation for chronic disease prevention and maintenance of a healthy life style.[1] Breakfast refers to the 1st meal which is taken in the morning and taken before the start of daily activities and is often regarded as the most important meal of the day. Overnight and morning fast may influences the problem-solving performance of well-nourished children.[4] In United States, there is increasing evidence that eating breakfast can yield many health benefits for growing children, ranging from improved overall dietary quality to enhanced classroom performance.[3]
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