Abstract
The aim of the experiment was to assess the dynamics of regrowth of shoots of 10 genotypes of basket willow (Salix viminalis L.) in the second 4-year rotation, cultivated on sandy soil in the Middle Pomerania (16°24’N and 54°08’E) under various fertilization with nitrogen (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N·ha−1 ) and under rainfall-retention water system. The field experiment was established in 2007 using method of randomized sub-blocks in a subsidiary system with four replications, where on large plots four doses of nitrogen were drawn, and within doses – 10 genotypes of willow. In 2012-2015 the dynamics of regrowth of willow shoots in four separate dates for the first and second row of plot separately were evaluated. During first rotation (2008-2011) in the first row of plot shoots were mowed 2-times (after third and first year of regrowth), and the second row – once (after fourth year of regrowth). During the second 4-year rotation of the biggest variability in relation to the height and thickness of willow shoots and the number of live and dead shoots in snag was noted between years of shoots regrowth and for the amount of live and dead snags on the plot – between the frequencies of mowing.
Highlights
The biomass harvested for energy purposes is a significant source of renewable energy in Poland and in Europe [1, 2]
Swedish and US experiments prove that the optimal willow biomass yield is obtained during cultivation in 3-6 year harvest cycle depending on the clone, habitat conditions, fertilization and meteorological conditions [12]
Measurements of height and thickness of willow shoots, the number of living and dead stems in snag and quantities of live snags on the plot were conducted on a field experiment carried out in 2012-2015 on the experimental field of Technical University of Koszalin in Kościernica (16°24 ́N and 54°08 ́E)
Summary
The biomass harvested for energy purposes is a significant source of renewable energy in Poland and in Europe [1, 2]. Growths of willow biomass depend on adaptation of cultivation of willow genotypes to natural conditions (soil, water and thermal) where plantation is located, including a system of organic and mineral fertilization and irrigation [5]. Efficiency of use of nutrient elements is higher in longer production cycles than in one year cycle [8, 9]. It has been reported in the literature that during the second cycle of cultivation shoots biomass yields are higher than during the first [10, 11]. Swedish and US experiments prove that the optimal willow biomass yield is obtained during cultivation in 3-6 year harvest cycle depending on the clone, habitat conditions, fertilization and meteorological conditions [12]. The most important factor limiting the growth of willows in Sweden and across temperate regions are, apart from water, nutrients, mainly nitrogen [13]
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