Regional Economic Growth Drivers in Java: Poverty, Human Development, and Labor

This research aims to analyze the influence of population, Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), Labor Force Participation Rate (LFPR), and education on poverty levels in regency and cities in NTT Province. This research uses secondary data from the NTT Provincial Central Statistics Agency for 2017–2023. Using panel data regression analysis, namely an analysis method that combines cross-sectional and time series data, is used in this research. Based on the panel data regression results, the Fixed Effect Model (FEM), which is the best model in this research, was selected and evaluated using Eviews-12 software. The research results show that Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), Labor Force Participation Rate (LFPR), and education are able to reduce poverty levels significantly. However, the population in NTT Province has no significant influence on the poverty level in cities and regency in NTT Province. The poverty level in regency and cities in NTT Province is influenced by the following factors: population, Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), Labor Force Participation Rate (LFPR), and education. The policy implications of controlling population growth, increasing gross regional domestic product, creating employment opportunities, educational scholarships.

This study aims to look at the effect of GNP, TAX, IPM on poverty levels through zakat as a moderating variable in Jambi province in 2018-2022. The type of research used is quantitative research. The location of this research is Jambi Province with a total of 11 districts and cities. The data sources in this study were obtained from the website of the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and the National Amil and Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) of Jambi Province. Based on the results of data analysis, the following tasks were concluded. First, Simultaneously the variables of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), Labour Force Participation Rate (TPAK), Human Development Index (HDI) have a significant effect on the Poverty Level. Second, partially zakat cannot moderate Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), Labour Force Participation Rate (TPAK), Human Development Index (HDI) on Poverty Level. Third, simultaneously zakat can moderate Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), Labour Force Participation Rate (TPAK), Human Development Index (HDI), to the level of Poverty Level.

his study analyzes the determinants of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) in Jambi Province. Independent variables include Open Unemployment Rate (OUR), Minimum Wage (MW), Human Development Index (HDI), and Labor Force Participation Rate (LFPR). Data from 11 districts/cities in 2024 were analyzed using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and spatial diagnostics. Results show that Minimum Wage positively and significantly affects GRDP, while HDI has a significant negative effect. OUR and LFPR are not significant. The model explains 69.7% of GRDP variation. Spatial tests (Moran’s I, LM tests) indicate no significant spatial dependence. These findings highlight wage policy importance, while the negative HDI effect suggests mismatch between human capital and production structures.

This study aims to examine the effect of the minimum wage at the district/city level (MWD) on the open unemployment rate (OUR) before and during the Covid-19 pandemic on Java Island. In addition, this study also wants to see the impacts of other variables, namely the Human Development Index (HDI), Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), and Labor Force Participation Rate (LFPR) on the OUR. This study applied a Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) to data of all districts/cities in Java Island in 2019 and 2020. The results showed that before the Covid-19 pandemic, the change in MWD had a significant effect on OUR in 44 districts/cities, but during the pandemic, it affected OUR in 64 districts/cities. The estimated parameter coefficient for MWD is higher during the pandemic. Areas whose MWD coefficient is higher than before the pandemic are South Tangerang, Tangerang City, Serang city, Serang district, all DIY areas, all districts/cities in Central Java, and some areas in East Java. This study also found that the impacts of HDI, GRDP, and LFPR on OUR vary spacially before and during the Covid-19 pandemic.

The purpose of this study is to determine the variables that affect Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) in Indonesia in 2022 using Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) with Adaptive Gaussian kernel weighting function. The data used in this study uses secondary data taken from the website of the Central Bureau of Statistics. The variables used are gross regional domestic product of 34 provinces in Indonesia (Y, in billion rupiah), labor force participation rate (X1, in %), foreign investment (X2, in million dollars), open unemployment rate (X3, in %) and human development index (X4, in %). Data were analyzed using GWR with adaptive gaussian kernel weighting function. GRDP in all provinces on the island of Sumatra (11 provinces), DKI Jakarta province, Banten province, and West Kalimantan province are influenced by foreign investment (X2) and human development index (X4). Meanwhile, GRDP in the other 19 provinces is only influenced by foreign investment (X2). GWR model with adaptive gaussian kernel weighting function is formed differently for each province in Indonesia. Keywords: Adaptive gaussian kernel; GWR; gross regional domestic product

Economic growth is essentially the most important aspect in a country. An increase in the quality of life of the community that occurs in an area can mean that the area has continued economic growth. Economic growth can be reflected in changes in GRDP in a region. This research uses eviews analysis 10. Labor Force Participation Rate (TPAK), human development index and poverty are among the Human Resource factors that contribute to the formation of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) which can encourage Economic growth of a region. The aim of this research is to find out the influence of the level of labor force participation and poverty as seen from the human development index on economic growth in the province of West Papua in 2014-2022. The data used in this research uses time series data for the period 2014-2022, using quantitative descriptive methods with the eviews 10 analysis tool. Independent variables consist of Labor Force Participation Rate (TPAK) as X1, human development index (HDI) as X2 and poverty (k) as X3 and Economic Growth as (Y). The results of this study show that TPAK, HDI and K simultaneously have a positive and insignificant effect.

This study aims to analyze the influence of GRDP (Gross Regional Domestic Product) and Labor Force Participation Rate (LFPR) on the welfare of the people in East Kutai Regency, with income level as a mediating variable. The identified variables in this research include the level of community welfare, proxied by the Human Development Index (HDI) (Y2) as the dependent variable, while GRDP (X1) and Labor Force Participation Rate (LFPR) (X2) are independent variables, and income level (Y1) serves as a mediating variable. This study utilizes panel data from 2012 to 2022, using Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis.

Poverty and inequality are the main problems faced by a country including Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the comparison of poverty and inequality levels on the islands of Sumatra and Java and to analyze the effect of the human development index (HDI), gross regional domestic product (GRDP), the level of open unemployment (TPT) and total population on poverty and income distribution inequality in Sumatra and Java. The research method used is quantitative descriptive with multiple regression analysis using panel data with provincial research objects on the islands of Sumatra and Java. Based on the results of the study, if you look at the comparison of the poverty rate on the island of Sumatra and Java, based on the data, it can be seen that the average poverty rate on the island of Sumatra is 10.6%, which is higher than the average poverty rate on the island of Java, which is 8.8%. while the level of inequality in income distribution on average in Sumatra is 0.327, lower than the average income distribution inequality in Java, which is 0.393. The regression results show that on the island of Sumatra the HDI variable has a significant negative effect on poverty and inequality, GRDP has a significant negative effect on poverty and poverty has a positive effect on inequality. TPT has a significant positive effect on poverty and not significant on inequality. Total population is not significant to poverty and inequality. While the regression results on the island of Java show that the HDI variable has a significant negative effect on poverty and not significant on inequality. GRDP has no significant effect on poverty and inequality. TPT has a significant positive effect on poverty and not significant on inequality. And population has no significant effect on poverty and inequality.

The achievement of human development can be reviewed from the Human Development Index (HDI), which is sourced from indicators of health, education, and state income. East Java Province is the second-most populous province in Indonesia which has a high work intensity in economic aspects and abundant natural and human resources. However, judging from the level of the human development index, East Java Province occupies the lowest position compared to other provinces on the island of Java. This study aims to identify significant factors affecting East Java's HDI using ordinal logistic regression. The data from Indonesia Statistics (Indonesian: Badan Pusat Statistik, BPS) of East Java province in 2020 includes seven variables, namely Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), high school participation rate, infant mortality rate, health facilities, population density, labor force participation rate, and open unemployment rate. This study produced two ordinal logistic regression models in medium category HDI and high category HDI with a classification accuracy value of 97.37%. From this model obtained, a significant factor affecting the HDI of East Java is the participation rate of high school and health facilities.

Natural disasters are a problem for a country’s economy. This research aims to analyze the influence of natural disasters, Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF), Human Development Index (HDI), and Labor Force Participation Rate (LFPR) on the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) of 31 Provinces in Indonesia from 2011 to 2023. Research method uses panel data regression with Fixed Effect Model estimation. The results of this research show that GFCF and HDI can increase value GRDP in Indonesia. LFPR does not have a significant effect in a positive direction on GRDP in Indonesia and natural disasters do not have a significant effect in a negative direction.

This study aims to determine the effect of the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GDRP), Human Development Index (HDI) and Government Expenditure especially the Special Allocation Fund (DAK) on Regional Disparity in North Sumatera Province. The research method used is panel data regression analysis. The data used is quantitative data, obtained through the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) and also the Directorate General of Fiscals Balance (DJPK). The periode of this study are from 2012 to 2021. The results show that the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) variable and the Special Allocation Fund (DAK) variable have a positive and significant influence on regional disparity, while the Human Development Index (HDI) variable has a negative and significant effect on regional disparity. Therefore, it is hoped that the results of this study can support the regional governments of North Sumatera Province in making policies to reduce disparity between regions by taking into account of the distribution of the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) for each region, increasing the Human Development Index (HDI) through supporting on facilities and infrastructure who reflected through the allocation of the Special Allocation Fund (DAK).

Poverty in Indonesia remains a significant problem. Generally, rural poverty is higher than urban poverty. Therefore, the government has enacted a village fund policy through. Law Number 6 of 2024 to assist development efforts that can reduce rural poverty. However, despite a decline in national poverty, the poverty rate in Sulawesi has fluctuated. In addition to village funds, other variables influence poverty, such as human development index (HDI), gross regional domestic product (GRDP) per capita, and unemployment rate. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of village funds, HDI, GRDP per capita, and unemployment on poverty rates in 70 districts in Sulawesi from 2017 to 2024. Data used are sourced from directorate general of fiscal balance (DJPK) for village funds and BPS for other variables. Panel data regression analysis is used to identify variables that influence poverty rates. Based on FEM, it is known that HDI and GRDP per capita have a negative and significant effect on poverty rates in Sulawesi Island. Village funds are insignificant in reducing poverty due to differences in development levels across regions. Therefore, equitable development and incre

Educated unemployment is a challenge for economic development, especially in Java, the center of higher education and national economic activity. This study aims to analyze the influence of the Human Development Index (HDI), Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), Labor Force Participation Rate (LFPR), and Regional Minimum Wage (RMW) on the unemployment rate of university graduates in six provinces in Java for the period 2017–2024. This study uses panel data regression with the Random Effect Model (REM) approach. The results show that the HDI and GRDP have a positive and significant influence on educated unemployment in Java. The LFPR variable has a negative and significant influence on educated unemployment in Java. Meanwhile, the RMW variable has no effect on educated unemployment in Java. Suggestions from this study are that the government must ensure that the increase in HDI is balanced with equivalent employment opportunities, synergy between the world of education and the business world needs to be strengthened, there is a policy of active involvement of new graduates in productive activities, and increase productivity and the provision of work space.

This research analyzes the Gross Regional Domestic Product of all provinces on the island of Java, namely DKI Jakarta, East Java, West Java, Central Java, Yogyakarta and Banten. The aim of this research is to find out how labor force, industrialization, investment and information technology variables have an impact on gross regional domestic product (GRDP) on the island of Java. The research data is secondary data in the form of a time series from 2018 to 2023 originating from the central statistics agency of each province. The data analysis technique is panel data regression analysis. The selection of the best regression model is carried out through the Chow test, Hausman test and Lagrange multiplier test. The research results show that the labor force has a negative and significant influence on GRDP, the number of large and medium industries and the number of internet users have a positive and significant influence on GRDP, domestic and foreign investment have no influence on GRDP. It is recommended that local governments improve the quality of human resources, increase the number of industries, both large and medium, and make it easier for people to access the internet.

This research aims to determine the influence of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) and Open Unemployment Rate (OUR) on the Human Development Index (HDI) in Lampung Province for the years 2017-2021. The data used is secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), which includes data from each of the 15 districts/cities in Lampung Province. The research method employed is quantitative. The data was analyzed using panel data regression method by combining the data of the 15 districts/cities in Lampung Province along with GRDP, OUR, and HDI data from 2017 to 2021. The t-test results indicate that Gross Regional Domestic Product has a positive and significant impact on the Human Development Index in Lampung Province for the years 2017-2021. The Open Unemployment Rate has a positive and significant impact on the Human Development Index in Lampung Province for the years 2017-2021. The f-test results show that both Gross Regional Domestic Product and Open Unemployment Rate have an impact on the Human Development Index in Lampung Province for the years 2017-2021. The panel data regression results indicate that the city of Mesuji has the highest constant at -57.34%. Additionally, the coefficient of determination (R2) in this study is 97%, meaning that the variables of Gross Regional Domestic Product and Open Unemployment Rate collectively explain 97% of the variation in the Human Development Index, while the remaining 3% is influenced by other variables.