Regional Distribution of Two Races of Phialophora gregata f. sp. adzukicola, Causal Agent of Brown Stem Rot of Adzuki Bean, and Their Genetic Diversity on Hokkaido, Northernmost Island of Japan

Abstract

The distribution of two races (1 and 2) of Phialophora gregata f. sp. adzukicola, the causal agent of brown stem rot of adzuki bean, was examined using a total of 483 isolates obtained from 39 fields in 19 locations on Hokkaido, Japan between 1997 and 1999. Race 1 was predominant (416 isolates or 86.1%) in the commercial fields tested. Race 2 was found in 25 fields (64.1%), including two fields of cultivar Kita-no-otome (resistant to race 1, but susceptible to race 2), indicating that race 2 was widely distributed in most of the production areas in Hokkaido. Using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP), a total of 67 polymorphic AFLP markers was recorded among 72 representative isolates (37 and 35 isolates of races 1 and 2, respectively), and 57 distinct haplotypes were detected. Cluster analysis revealed no close correlation between races and AFLP groups. Thus, no difference was observed between values of gene diversity in each race (0.253 and 0.284 in races 1 and 2, respectively), and the coefficient of gene differentiation was very low (G ST =0.015). Gene differentiation between both races by analysis of molecular variance was not significantly different from zero (??=???0.001; p=0.403). However, the results of gene differentiation among regional populations (G ST =0.290, ??=0.292; p<0.001) are not necessarily consistent with the result that isolates from the same district were generally not tightly clustered.