Regional Burden of Anemia among Adolescent girls in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background Anaemia is a serious public health problem. It is the second-commonest contributing factor to years lost by adolescents to disability and death. Targeting adolescent girls will allow a window of opportunity to correct their nutritional health and improve their obstetric outcomes. Studies in India have reported varying prevalence rates of anaemia among adolescent girls. Hence, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis of community-based studies to obtain a comprehensive pooled estimate of the prevalence of anaemia among adolescent girls in India. Methods We did a systematic electronic search in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Google scholar to retrieve community-based studies that reported the prevalence of anaemia among adolescent girls (10-19 years) in India, without any date or language restriction. To estimate the pooled prevalence and heterogeneity, the random-effects model and I2 statistical methods were used. We did subgroup analyses based on geographical region, study setting, method used to measure haemoglobin concentration, and year of publication. Results We included 35 studies in this meta-analysis comprising 152 640 participants. The pooled prevalence of anaemia among adolescent girls was 65.7% (95% CI 59.3%- 71.9%). There was significant heterogeneity between the studies (I2 99.6%; p<0.001). Conclusion There is a high prevalence of anaemia among adolescent girls in India. While all regions of the country have a high prevalence, tribal areas need special attention. Targeted actions need to focus on the identification of determinants of anaemia apart from iron supplementation.

Background: Anaemia continues to be a major public health problem at all ages worldwide. Today, every fifth person in India is an adolescent (Census, 2011). Anaemia effects adolescent girls critically by decreasing their capacity to do physical work, affects their growth as a result they are not well prepared for upcoming pregnancy and motherhood challenge. NFHS-3 reports indicated wide rural-urban disparity in prevalence of anaemia. The present study aims to explore rural-urban disparity in prevalence of anaemia and to study the factor associated with anaemia among adolescent girls in India. Methods: District levels household survey (DLHS-4, 2012-13) was used for the present study. The outcome variables included in the study was anaemia. Bivariate analyses including chi square tests were applied to determine the prevalence of anaemia and logistic regression models to understand the determinants of anaemia. The whole analysis was performed using STATA version 13.0 to take into account the survey design (i.e. sampling weights with clustering and strata), QGIS, and R CRAN. Results: The prevalence of anaemia was observed high in urban (65.3%) as compared to rural (57.3%). However, the prevalence of severe anaemia was high in rural area as compared to urban area. The mean hemoglobin level of the study population was 10.4±2.22. Prevalence of anaemia varies across key selected individual, household and community characteristics of adolescent girls. Finding of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that anemia has a strong relation with age, education, family size, religion, caste, economic status, sanitation facility and place of residence of adolescents. Conclusions: This study concludes that the prevalence of anaemia is a significant problem of adolescent girls in India. The study also proved that anemia is significantly associated with age, education, income strata and place of residence.

BackgroundMenstrual hygiene is a critical public health concern for adolescent girls in urban India. However, there is a paucity of research on this subject, particularly on a national scale. To the best of our knowledge, this study diverges from previous research, as the majority of prior investigations in India have centered on rural locales, married individuals, and those aged between 15 and 24 years. Thus, this study aims to fill this gap by investigating the factors associated with the exclusive use of hygienic methods during menstruation among urban adolescent girls (15–19 years) in India. MethodA total of 25136 samples were included in this analysis from the National Family Health Survey 5 (NFHS-5). The Binary logistic regression model has been administered to determine the associated factors of the exclusive use of hygienic methods among adolescent girls. ResultsThe results of the multivariate model revealed significant positive associations between higher education levels and usage of menstrual hygiene management products (AOR: 1.860; 95 % CI: 1.418–2.439), (AOR: 2.110; 95 % CI: 1.553–2.867). Additionally, individuals in higher wealth quintiles were more likely to use MHM products, with the richest quintile showing the highest likelihood (AOR: 5.310; 95 % CI: 4.494–6.275). Attendance at cultural events such as cinema or theater was positively associated with MHM product utilization (AOR: 1.338; 95 % CI: 1.181–1.517).Conversely, Lack of access to sanitation facilities was inversely associated with MHM product utilization (AOR: 0.742; 95 % CI: 0.628–0.877). Muslim girls had lower odds than Hindus (AOR: 0.576; 95 % CI: 0.520–0.637). Substantial regional variations were evident, with the Western (AOR: 0.879; 95 % CI: 0.759–1.019), Eastern (AOR: 0.747; 95 % CI: 0.654–0.854), Central (AOR: 0.349; 95 % CI: 0.313–0.388), and North-eastern regions (AOR: 0.597; 95 % CI: 0.490–0.727) displaying diminished odds of MHM product usage relative to the southern region. General caste had higher odds compared to scheduled caste (AOR: 1.255, 95 % CI: 1.103–1.429), while other backward caste had lower odds (AOR: 0.858, 95 % CI: 0.771–0.955). ConclusionThese findings underscore the importance of addressing inequalities in access to menstrual hygiene products among urban adolescent girls in India. Targeted interventions and educational programs are essential to ensure equitable access and promote overall health and well-being.

Background Acute ankle sprain is a very common injury which comprises 80% of all ankle injuries. Acute ankle sprain affects almost exclusively the lateral ligamentous complex including ATFL followed by CFL, while PTFL is rarely of clinical significance. Objective To study the clinical trials in a Meta-analytical form, in order to compare surgical versus conservative treatments for the management of acute injuries of the lateral ligament complex of the ankle. Materials and Methods We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis in accordance to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and Meta-analyses Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) statements. PRISMA and MOOSE are reporting checklists for Authors, Editors, and Reviewers of Meta-analyses of interventional and observational studies. Results In the present study, we searched Medline via PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) from their inception till April 2019. The search retrieved 702 unique records. We then retained 48 potentially eligible records for full-texts screening. Finally, 14 studies (Total No. of patients=1896) were included in the present systematic review and meta-analysis Conclusion: Starting a physiotherapy programme as early as possible is essential to control pain and swelling, to improve and maintain the range of motion, and to minimize the risk of stiffness and muscle wasting, which are the two decisive factors which delay patients from returning to their normal activities. Regardless of severity, surgery for acute ankle sprain is not recommended anymore.

Background Craniopharyngiomas represent a surgical challenge with resection via either a transcranial or a transnasal approach using microscopy or endoscopy. The selection criteria of the classic transsphenoidal route for the management of craniopharyngiomas were postulated &amp;gt;30 years ago and still are valid today. Aim of the Work to systematically review the literature published discussing the endoscopic management of craniopharyngioma as regard tumor control, symptomatic relief and post-operative morbidity. Materials and Methods This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed in accordance to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and Meta-analyses Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) statements. PRISMA and MOOSE are reporting checklists for Authors, Editors, and Reviewers of Meta-analyses of interventional and observational studies. According to International committee of medical journal association (ICJME), reviewers must report their findings according to each of the items listed in those checklists. Results and Conclusion The extended EEA for suprasellarcraniopharyngiomas avoids brain retraction, permits early exposure of the lesion, provides good visualization of the pituitary gland and stalk and the main vascular structures, and minimizes manipulation of the optic apparatus. The endoscopic technique, both standard and extended approaches, can be considered as a possible surgical treatment for craniopharyngiomas in the modern neurosurgical techniques.

Background Although PRP is one of the options in the management of knee OA, its effectiveness and wide application is still controversial. Therefore, we conducted the present systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the safety and effectiveness of PRP versus HA injection for knee OA. Objective The purpose of this study is to compare between the efficacy of intra-articular injections of Platelet-Rich Plasma versus Hyaluronic Acid in treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Methods We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis in accordance to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) statement. PRISMA and MOOSE are reporting checklists for Authors, Editors, and Reviewers of Meta-analyses of interventional and observational studies. According to International committee of medical journal association (ICJME), reviewers must report their findings according to each of the items listed in those checklists. Results The overall effect favoured PRP over HA for WOMAC function score, WOMAC pain score, WOMAC stiffness score, and WOMAC total score; mostly 6 and 12 months after treatment. According VAS score, we found that the overall effect favoured PRP over HA at 12 months only. In contrary, the overall effect did not favour PRP over HA for VAS score at 3 and 6 months. PRP is superior to HA for IKDC scores at 6 and 12 months with similar results at 3 months. Conclusion Intra-articular PRP injection is more effective in terms of pain relief and function improvement at short-term follow-up in the treatment of knee OA than HA, and there is no significant difference in the risk of adverse events between PRP and HA. A randomized controlled trial with larger group sizes is necessary to find the predictors of the response to PRP and HA intra-articular injection.

Background With continued loss of dorsiflexion of the 1st MTP, degenerative changes occur within the joint with severe restriction of movement and increase in pain, which leads to the condition known as hallux rigidus. The amount of dorsiflexion may be reduced to 0-10 degrees with pain on both active and passive motion. Objectives Systematically reviewing available evidence from published articles to assess the effectiveness of arthrodesis of first metatarsophalangeal joint by plate and screws in hallux rigidus. The assessment also would encompass safety, side effects, and complications of this mode of treatment. Materials and Methods We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis in accordance to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) statement. PRISMA and MOOSE are reporting checklists for Authors, Editors, and Reviewers of Meta-analyses of interventional and observational studies. According to International committee of medical journal association (ICJME), reviewers must report their findings according to each of the items listed in those checklists. Results Previous results for arthrodesis have been favourable with a union rate of almost 96%. In the present systematic review and meta-analysis, the overall effect estimates showed that the union rates after plate and screw arthrodesis for 1st MTPJ was 96.2% (95% CI 94 – 98.4%). In addition, the overall effect estimates showed that the non-union rates after plate and screw arthrodesis for 1st MTPJ was 4.2% (95% CI 2.4 – 6.1%). Moreover, the overall effect estimates showed that the satisfaction rates after plate and screw arthrodesis for 1st MTPJ was 94.5% (95% CI 90 – 99%). In the present study, the overall effect estimates showed that the overall complications rate after plate and screw arthrodesis for 1st MTPJ was 7.2% (95% CI 2.5 – 12%). The overall effect estimates showed that the malunion rates after plate and screw arthrodesis for 1st MTPJ was 2.7% (95% CI 0 – 6.4%). Additionally, the overall effect estimates showed that the hardware removal and superficial infection rates after plate and screw arthrodesis for 1st MTPJ were 2% and 2.9%, respectively. Conclusion Our analysis showed that plate and screws fixation is effective techniques that can be used for first MTPJ arthrodesis in patients with hallux rigidus. We found that the screw and plate fixation has a significantly lower rate of nonunion compared with the screw alone, as reported by the literature. However, owing to the small group sizes and methodologic shortcomings, we were unable to identify the clinically superior fixation technique for first MTPJ arthrodesis arthrodesis.

Background ERAS programs are not only used in abdominal surgeries, they are also used in cardiothoracic, gynecology, urology, orthopedic, and neurosurgery. Many authors and surgeons worldwide have been adapting this program, also trying to modify it due to its promising outcomes and it’s low damage toit’s continence. Objective To present an updated assessment of perioperative care in colorectal surgery from the available evidence and Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) group recommendations. Patients and Methods We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis in accordance to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) statement. PRISMA and MOOSE are reporting checklists for Authors, Editors, and Reviewers of Meta-analyses of interventional and observational studies. According to International committee of medical journal association (ICJME), reviewers must report their findings according to each of the items listed in those checklists. An electronic search was conducted from the inception till March 2019 in the following bibliographic databases: Medline via PubMed, SCOPUS, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, and Google Scholar to identify relevant articles. We used different combinations of the following queries: ("Colorectal Surgery"[Mesh]) AND ("Enhanced recovery" OR "conventional care"). The search have been done with no limit regarding the year publication or language. Results In the present study, we searched Medline via PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Google Scholar from their inception till March 2019. The search retrieved 2861 unique records. We then retained 41 potentially eligible records for full-texts screening. Finally, 28 reports of 25 RCTs were included in the present systematic review and meta-analysis Conclusion ERAS was proven to be feasible, minimally invasive, cheap, relatively easy, which is safe and effective at the same time. This program can be ideal for patients undergoing elective colo-rectal surgery, yet more studies should be conducted in Egypt to compare results regarding different approaches of this program with longer follow up and randomization of patients.

Background Surgical excision of eloquent gliomas can be done under general anaesthesia or awake anaesthesia. Surgical excision of eloquent gliomas using awake anaesthesia helps to avoid intra-operative manipulation of the eloquent areas of the brain and thus avoid post-operative neurological deficits. Aim to compare the operative outcomes of eloquent glioma resection performed under general anaesthesia compared to awake anaesthesia to assess the safety and effectiveness of each intervention. Materials and Methods This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and Metaanalysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) statement. PRISMA and MOOSE are reporting checklists for Authors, Editors, and Reviewers of Meta-analyses of interventional and observational studies. According to International committee of medical journal association (ICJME), reviewers reported their findings according to each of the items listed in those checklists (1). Results Seven studies reported the early motor deficit, while the rest of the studies have no data concerning early motor deficit. The overall effect estimates did not favor awake craniotomy over general anesthesia in terms of motor deficit (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.48– 1.4). The pooled studies showed significant heterogeneity (p = 0.001; I2 =85%. Conclusion The use of awake craniotomy for surgical resection of gliomas of the eloquent areas is largely limited to small retrospective studies. Within these studies, awake craniotomy achieves both an acceptable rate of GTR and a low rate of persistent neurological deficits. The results of this study illustrate the potential feasibility of awake craniotomy for surgical resection of gliomas of the eloquent areas and emphasize the need for future prospective studies to better determine its efficacy and outcome.

Background Adenoidectomy remains one of the surgical procedures most frequently performed by otolaryngologist. Adenoid hypertrophy causes nasal obstruction and airway problems such as snoring, obstructive sleep apnea, recurrent sinusitis, and/or Eustachian tube dysfunction. There is also reduced ability to smell and taste, hyponasal speech and craniofacial abnormalities. These complications frequently lead to a need for adenoidectomy. Aim of the Work Compare between endoscopic coblation versus cold curettage adenoidectomy as regard operative time, blood loss, post-operative pain and complications. Materials and Methods We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis in accordance to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) statement. PRISMA and MOOSE are reporting checklists for Authors, Editors, and Reviewers of Meta-analyses of interventional and observational studies. According to International committee of medical journal association (ICJME), reviewers must report their findings according to each of the items listed in those checklists. Results We performed a comperehensive search of five electronic databases to comperehensively include all eligible studies. In addition, the risk of bias was low among the included studies. However, we acknowledge that the present study has some limitations. Some included studies were observational studies with inherent limitations of possible misclassification and ascertainment bias. In addition, most of the studies were a single-center experience and therefore the results cannot be generalized to the general population. Conclusion Endoscopic coblation technique is superior to cold curettage adenoidectomy in pediatric population. The present systematic review and meta-analysis showed that endoscopic coblation technique had better outcomes in terms of intraoperative blood loss and postoperative pain. However, special attention should be paid for operation time with endoscopic coblation. Nevertheless, further studies are still needed to confirm our findings and to identify patient factors that significantly increase the rate of recurrence in both techniques.

Background Nowadays there is an increasing in the numbers of cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) all over the world. Which affect upper aerodigestive tract including the nasopharynx, paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx. Objective To compare the using of radiotherapy (RT) with cisplatin versus cetuximab with RT in the treatment of locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC). The comparison between these two treatment regimens will be done in terms of overall survival rate and toxicity. Patients and Methods We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis in accordance to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) statement. PRISMA and MOOSE are reporting checklists for Authors, Editors, and Reviewers of Meta-analyses of interventional and observational studies. According to International committee of medical journal association (ICJME), reviewers must report their findings according to each of the items listed in those checklists. Results cetuximab with RT is associated with lower overall survival compared to cisplatin with RT in management of locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, also patient treated with cetuximab were associated with higher rates of mortality compared to those treated with cisplatin Data Sources Medline databases (PubMed, Medscape, ScienceDirect. EMF-Portal) and all materials available in the Internet till 2020. Conclusion According to our study in the comparison between cisplatin with RT versus cetuximab with RT, cetuximab with RT is associated with lower overall survival compared to cisplatin with RT in management of locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, also patient treated with cetuximab were associated with higher rates of mortality compared to those treated with cisplatin

Introduction: Anaemia remains a major public health concern among adolescent girls in India. Nutritional deficiencies, menstrual blood loss, and socio-economic factors significantly contribute to its prevalence. Untreated anaemia can adversely affect growth, health, and cognitive performance, making early identification and timely intervention essential. Aim: To determine the prevalence and occurrence of anaemia among adolescent girls. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted among 100 adolescent girls selected through random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering demographic details and anaemia-related symptoms. Haemoglobin estimation was performed to assess anaemia status. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Half of the participants belonged to classes 10th–12th. Haemoglobin assessment showed that 26% had normal levels, while 48% had mild, 20% moderate, and 6% severe anaemia, indicating mild anaemia as the most common type. Symptoms were reported by most participants, with 73% experiencing mild and 27% moderate symptoms. No significant association was found between anaemia and selected demographic variables at the 0.05 level. Conclusion: The study reveals a high prevalence of anaemia among adolescent girls in Gurugram, Haryana, predominantly in its mild form. The findings underscore the importance of routine screening, nutrition awareness, and school-based preventive strategies to reduce the burden of anaemia. KeywordsAnaemia, adolescent girls, prevalence, occurrence, haemoglobin level, nutritional deficiency, school-based screening, and cross-sectional study.

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Objective The study objective was to compare haemoglobin (Hb) measurements between the NBM 200 (non-invasive Hb sensor) and Sahli's haemometer in adolescent girls in a rural Indian setting. Methods Participants included girls aged between 13 and 17 years from 34 villages in Tuljapur and Lohara blocks of Osmanabad district, Maharashtra, India. Hb measurements from the non-invasive sensor (NBM 200) were compared with measurements obtained from Sahli's haemometer using the Bland-Altman plot, Spearman correlation coefficient, sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis (AUROC). Results Paired measurements from both methods were obtained from 766 adolescent girls (N=766). Hb levels estimated by Sahli's haemometer ranged from 5.0 to 14.0 g/dL (mean 10.1 g/dL, SD 1.41), whereas measurements obtained from the NBM 200 ranged from 9.5 to 15.2 g/dL (mean 12.8 g/dL, SD 1.42). The Bland-Altman analysis indicated a mean difference of −2.70 g/dL (95% CI −2.84 to −2.55) demonstrating an overestimation of Hb measurement by the NBM 200 compared with the Sahli's haemometer measurements. The NBM 200 showed low sensitivity (23.6%) and moderate specificity (61.8%) for the diagnosis of anaemia. The AUROC score was 0.43 indicating an underestimation of anaemia in our study population by the NBM 200. Conclusions Hb measurements obtained from the NBM 200 were consistently higher leading to an underestimation of prevalence of anaemia compared with Sahli's haemometer estimates among adolescent girls in India.

Reproducibility of search strategies of non-Cochrane systematic reviews published in anaesthesiology journals is suboptimal: primary methodological study