Regional analysis of tourism resources

The main concepts of urban tourism development and ecological urban tourism are analyzed. It is shown that such types of modern tourist business, despite its rapid development, need a clear scientific basis that will ensure its orderliness and targeted optimization. Along with such purely tourist resources as attractiveness, historical value, aesthetic appeal, recognizability, the ecological safety of tourist groups and individual tourists is an essential point. These are complementary factors that not only contribute to the development of urban tourism, but also ensure its optimized safety.
 Urban tourism is one of the most intensive tourist destinations in modern society. In general, the concept of "city tourism" is relatively new. Its concept was formed in world tourism in the late twentieth century. thanks to the work of German scientists L. Hartmut, G. Neuenfeldtut, O. Rose (1980-1990). For example, L. Hartmut's dictionary (1997) defines urban tourism as “a short-term (usually 1–4 days) visit to a city with the following purpose: interest in the history and culture of the city; participation in various events; purchase of various goods. Often such a visit is carried out in the form of a weekend excursion and can take place both individually and in groups, ie both organized (through a tour of the company and with guides), and independently.
 The growing intensity of the development of urban tourism in Ukraine, as well as the intensification of the development of related industries, makes scientific developments in the perspective of justifying the optimization of such a component of the tourism industry is extremely relevant. At the same time, there are certain components of such relevance that are related to the structure of urban tourism. It includes scientific developments that aim to reveal the possibilities of tourism development in a particular city, from purely quantitative indicators of the intensity of possible tourist flows to ensure their quality, including environmental safety.
 As a result, the relevance and novelty of such studies is a holistic expression, where each component is characterized by its own structurally oriented place and complements other components.
 Urban tourism and its component urban ecological tourism are among the most promising tourist destinations. Along with their spontaneous development, there is a need for scientific understanding of such activities, which will contribute to the development of the necessary legislative solutions. Today there are discussions on defining the main concepts of urban tourism development such as urban tourism itself, the ecological environment of urban tourism development, ecological safety of urban tourism development, tourist ecological resource, etc.
 In general, the prospects of such a tourist destination are beyond doubt, and the scientific basis that can optimize such tourism development is a necessary and timely completion of it today.
 The researches presented in the article encourage to improve the optimization of urban tourism development in any city of Ukraine. At the same time, the identification of the main problem situations contributes to focusing on them, which can significantly reduce time and money resources when planning the development of the tourism industry in cities. Such approaches allow to optimize urban planning in the field of tourism development.
 Since the scientific developments presented in the article are largely generalized, they can be used in the development of the tourism industry in any city of Ukraine.
 Key words: urban tourism, ecological city tourism, urban tourist resources, ecological safety of tourists.

The urban tourism industry belongs to the tourism industry and also belongs to the cultural industry. The urban tourism development and design must take into account the city's cultural resources and tourism resources. Under the background of rapid development of urban tourism economy and further convergence of tourism content, this paper analyzes urban cultural ecology and believes that cultural ecology and its system affect the way and process of urban tourism development. Improving the cultural resources, cultural influences, and cultural creation of the city will help promote the integration of culture and tourism development. This paper further analyzes the types of integration development of urban culture and tourism, and proposes a fusion development model design based on Memory Recovery and Brand-led under the different cultural and tourism development levels among different cities.

With the progress of human society, people pay more and more attention to natural and cultural resources, and urban tourism resources have also received extensive attention. The evaluation and development of urban tourism resources has also become a hot topic in the current research field. Urban tourism has become a new trend in the tourism consumption market, and the tourism industry has huge potential for development and strong growth points. Due to the influence of many factors in the evaluation and development of urban tourism resources, comprehensive analysis of various data is required, which is a complex systematic project. Tourism resources are the material basis and prerequisite for tourism development. Understanding the framework conditions such as the quantity, scope, quality, distribution, and development potential of tourism resources has become a necessary condition for the large-scale development of tourism resources. A reasonable and scientific evaluation of resources is the scientific basis for the formulation of tourism planning and development planning, and ensures the correct formulation of the sequence, depth and direction of the development of tourism resources. At the same time, with the continuous development of science and technology, artificial intelligence has been widely used in various fields. Therefore, by constructing a model for comprehensive evaluation and development of tourism resources to analyze the relationship between various influencing factors, it plays an important role in promoting the sustainable and healthy development of tourism. This article adopts experimental analysis method and data analysis method, and aims to build a systematic and quantifiable model based on artificial intelligence technology to measure the value of urban tourism resources and provide a reference for the development and utilization of its resources. According to the research results, with the technical support of artificial intelligence, the intelligent model of this experiment can basically evaluate the tourism resources of a city, and to a certain extent can reflect the current situation of local tourism and the direction that needs improvement, so as to realize reasonable and effective development to promote the development of the local tourism industry. KeywordsArtificial intelligenceUrban tourism resourcesResource evaluationDevelopment research

This study introduces a new approach to evaluate the ecological carrying capacity of urban tourism resources (UTRECC), emphasizing the perspectives of “desired” and “undesired”. Based on urban sustainability principles, this study categorizes the load of urban tourism resources into “desired load” and “undesired load”. Using tourism system theory, the study examines the carriers of four key subsystems related to urban tourism resource carrying capacity, including tourism attraction carrier, atmospheric environmental support carrier, waterbody environmental support carrier, and land environmental support carrier. A calculation model for UTRECC is constructed based on 11 carrier indicators and 5 load indicators. This method elucidates the performance of ecological carriers in urban tourism, suggesting that, within certain parameters, a higher carrying capacity index is preferable. Empirical research was conducted in four case cities: Beijing, Shanghai, Chengdu, and Guangzhou. The results reveal significant variations in the tourism resource carrying capacities of these cities, with Beijing and Shanghai exhibiting relatively higher capacities compared to Chengdu and Guangzhou. The findings offer valuable insights for the planning, development, and management of urban tourism, providing a robust framework for future assessments and adjustments of urban resources.

MICE tourism has received the attention and support from relevant departments and tourism industry with the growth rate of recent years. In this paper, the dynamics mechanism of urban exhibition tourism development is studied by using high-performance computing, and the dynamics mechanism model of exhibition tourism is constructed. To improve the performance, the solution constructed in the adaptive joint algorithm is used as the initial solution, and then the initial solution is improved using the method proposed by the new neighborhood strategy. It promotes the development of MICE tourism and urban MICE tourism by combining research on theoretical aspects related to tourism development, such as the relationship between tourism development and exhibition, and the development dynamics and stages of MICE tourism. The research results show that, in the assessment of the development mechanism of urban MICE tourism, tourism resources, economic, and policy factors have a relatively large weight, among which the weight coefficient of tourism resources factor is 0.2411. It can be seen that the development power of MICE tourism should start from tourism resources, so that the development power mechanism of urban MICE tourism can be optimized and improved, which not only provides new methods and new ideas for the transformation and upgrading of tourism industry but also promotes tourism enterprises and related departments to creatively develop tourism resources and design competitive tourism products, so as to improve the supply quality of MICE tourism, and then continuously promote the process of supply-side reform of MICE tourism.

1. Introduction: Urban Tourism in China Mimi Li and Bihu Wu 2. Measuring Tourism Spillover Effects among Cities: Improvement of the Gap Model and a Case Study of the Yangtze River Delta Shan Li, Min Xiao, Kun Zhang, Jing Wu, and Zheng Wang 3. Urban Morphology and Tourism Planning: Exploring the City Wall in Pingyao, China Feifan (Philip) Xie and Kai Gu 4. The Impacts of Heritage Tourism on Public Space in Historic Towns: A Case Study of Lijiang Ancient Town Xiao-bo Su and Chun-yuan Huang 5. Leisure in an Urban Environment - A Perspective of University Students Shan Yang, Honggen Xiao, and Chau Yeung Tse 6. A Residential Survey on Urban Tourism Impacts in Harbin Yu Wang, Gang Li, and Xuemei Bai 7. The Social Impacts of Tourism in a Beijing Hutong-A Case of Environmental Change Chris Ryan and Huimin Gu 8. A Study of Inbound Business Tourists' Shopping Behaviour and Influencing Factors - A Case Study of the Canton Fair in Guangzhou Qiuju Luo and Xiangyu Lu 9. Visitor and Resident Images of Qingdao, China as a Tourism Destination Shaojun Ji 10. Developing a Framework for Assessing Visitors' Responses to Chinese Cities Philip L. Pearce, Yongzhi Wu, and Aram Son

The purpose of the scientific research is to reflect on the example of the Carpathian region of Ukraine the resources of flower tourism, to study the geography of their distribution, as well as the current state and prospects for the development of this type of tourism within the region. Methodology. In the study, the method of scientific systematization of information is used to identify places of flower tourism in the Carpathian region of Ukraine; the method of field research to identify the specifics of the activities of farms engaged in the cultivation of flowering plants; the location of resources within the region is displayed using the cartographic method. Results. The concept of "flower tourism" is specified, in particular, attention is focused on its belonging to niche types of tourism. The types of resources of flower tourism of the Carpathian region of Ukraine are summarized and their classification by the method of growth and purpose of use is proposed. The list of places for flower tourism in the region is grouped using such parameters as: type of location, presence of a flowering plant, flowering period, etc. It was found out that Zakarpattia region is the leader in the number of flower locations. The region has a wide range of flowering plants - sakura, lavender, crocuses, daffodils, magnolias, tulip trees, and almonds. The map of the geography of flower tourism resources allows to draw conclusions about their location within the region, as well as proximity or distance from the main tourist centers. On the example of the Lviv tour operator "Vidviday", selected tourist products involving places of flower tourism were analyzed. It was revealed that an essential feature of all flower tours is the additional inclusion of other tourist objects in the program of stay. The problems of development are summarized, and conclusions are made regarding the prospects for the development of flower tourism in the region. The scientific novelty of the results is analysis of the resource potential of flower tourism in the Carpathian region of Ukraine, study of created tourist products with the involvement of these resources, as well as justification of the possibilities of their further use in tourism. The practical importance. The obtained research results will be used in the process of forming tourist products in the territory of the Carpathian region of Ukraine, as well as in the educational process of training future specialists in the specialty "Tourism and Recreation". In addition, the findings can be useful for state authorities for the formation of strategies, as well as the implementation of state or regional tourism development programs.

The spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of tourist attractions in China are analyzed by GIS and SPSS. The spatial distribution characteristics and main influencing factors of urban landscape tourism resources in China are deeply explored in order to provide a reference for the construction of a national park system and for the optimal allocation of tourism resources in the future. The results show the following: (1) the spatial pattern of tourism resources in China is strong in the southeast and weak in the northwest. It shows the spatial structure of a global concentrated contiguous distribution, A-level zonal distribution, and national point distribution. The distribution pattern of concentrated contiguous areas is consistent with the spatial distribution of major urban agglomerations in China. (2) There is a serious imbalance in the allocation of A-level tourist attractions in Central, Southwest, Northwest, and Northeast China. The allocation of A-level tourist attractions in East China is in an absolute dominant position, whereas that in South China and North China is at a medium level. National tourism resources show obvious characteristics of being strong in the east and weak in the west. We mainly take the provincial capital city as the core point of agglomeration, showing the obvious “administrative district” distribution characteristics. (3) The level of urban management, the scale of urban construction, the development of the real estate industry, the employment population of tertiary industry, and the level of urban economic development are all factors that have a significant correlation with the spatial distribution of urban tourism resources.

Urban Tourism Green Spaces (UTGSs) in Okinawa are the most frequented areas by tourists and are an important part of the area’s unique tourism image and brand value. This study selected 40 UTGSs in Ishigaki City, Okinawa, for comparative analysis before the COVID-19 pandemic (January 2009–December 2019) and during the strict control period (January 2020–December 2021). Data on tourist reviews were collected in Python. Correlations were collated through Pearson correlation tests. Text-mining methods were used to examine tourist reviews to characterise changes in tourists’ use and experience of UTGSs amid the extreme hardship experienced by tourist cities during the pandemic. Visitors expressed positive emotions towards the green space, particularly in post-pandemic times, despite disruptions and uncertainties caused by travel restrictions. Rather than focusing on water activities as before, visitors preferred exploring the island’s hinterland areas with low crowd density and seeking spiritual comfort in open public spaces. This highlights the potential of these areas to be developed as a new tourism resource. This study’s findings will provide valuable insights for urban planners and tourism operators in developing effective crisis response strategies and guiding the development of urban tourism areas towards more appealing and sustainable destinations.

This study aimed to evaluate the spatial accessibility of tourism attractions in the urban destination city. An analytical framework for assessing urban tourism accessibility at different spatial scales was proposed to provide references on the interaction of urban transport and tourism systems. In addition to the travel time-based measure, a modified gravity model integrating the tourism destination attractiveness, urban transport system characteristics, and tourist demand distribution was developed to evaluate tourism accessibility in this study. Real-time travel data obtained from the Web Maps service were used to take the actual road network operation conditions into consideration and improve the accuracy of estimation results. Taking Nanjing as an example, the analysis results revealed the spatial heterogeneity of tourism accessibility and inequality in tourism resource availability at different levels. Road transport service improvement plays a dominant role in increasing tourism accessibility in areas with insufficient tourism resources, such as the outskirts of the destination city. As for areas with abundant attractions, authorities could pay attention to destination attractiveness construction and demand management in addition to the organization and management of road network operations around attractions during holidays. The results of this study provide a potentially valuable source of information for urban tourism destination management and transport management departments.

Application of the artificial intelligence system based on graphics and vision in ethnic tourism of subtropical grasslands

Sustainable development strategy of tourism resources offered by regional advantage: Exploring the feasibility of developing an ‘exotic culture’ resource for Weihai City of China

A better understanding of the spatial coordination relationship between tourism urbanisation and resources environment carrying capacity (RECC) is vital for the regional selection of key eco-liveable tourist cities in the Yellow River Basin. This study addressed this research issue by evaluating and partitioning tourism urbanisation level and RECC of the Yellow River Basin in 2005, 2011, and 2018 using a geographic information system (GIS) technology, spatial autocorrelation model, and partition method. Empirical results suggest that the tourism urbanisation level of Shaanxi Province maintains its leading position, while Shanxi Province has great development potential. The high-value areas of RECC are concentrated in Gansu, Inner Mongolia, and Shandong provinces. The degree of spatial agglomeration of the tourism urbanisation level and RECC has been improved. The RECC exhibits a greater restrictive effect on the current high-level areas of tourism urbanisation, and the spatial correspondence between them is weak. Based on the findings of this study, a series of optimisation strategies have been proposed to promote the sustainable development of tourism urbanisation in the Yellow River Basin.

The effect of tourism on teleconnected ecosystem services and urban sustainability: An emergy approach

Academic researchers were provided with an additional forum to exchange knowledge, research and agendas on the critical study of urban tourism and tourism cities with the emergence of the International Journal of Tourism Cities in 2015. Since then, the Journal has been recognized for its outstanding contribution to the urban tourism research by numerous scholars. This recognition was embodied in prestigious academic abstracting and indexing, such as achieving the Emerging Sources Citation Index, and Scopus and SJR indices of above 0.5. International Journal of Tourism Cities also welcomed numerous international scholars to its editorial board, of which some also serve as the theme editors. Theme editors were invited to provide their insights on future research agendas in urban tourism research. With this gesture, the Journal wishes to mark the celebration of the fifth volume in the fifth year of publishing and many above mentioned recognitions, as well as acknowledging the valuable time and effort of many scholars dedicated to its recent success. Therefore, this Special Editorial serves as the roadmap for future research on the opportunities and challenges for urban tourism. It initially touches upon more recent technological advancements and their impact on tourism in cities, calling for better understanding on the concept of smartness and highlighting the importance of social media. Furthermore, sustainability, quality of life, and tourism planning and development have been heavily challenged by sharing economy and tourists' quest for unique experiences enabled by new technologies. Several important questions and perspectives have been outlined – from responsible tourism, to ethnoscapes, to acknowledgement that urban tourism not only impacts the quality of life of local residents but also its visitors. Lessons learnt from crises may bring new opportunities to managing urban tourism, just as in the case of Post-Communist countries. However, with the potential of terrorism at every corner of the world, new research on crisis management is anticipated. Looking further down the line of challenges for urban tourism, tourists’ behaviour has dynamically changed with the help of new technologies. So, has the behaviour of business travellers, for whom we need better understanding of their experiences of being invited, to attending, to post-travel behaviour in relation to business events. Moreover, the need for better understanding of special interest tourism and its impact on tourism management, supply and demand business perspectives, and host community. Similarly, new research agendas should also focus on the conservation of nature and its importance for city tourism. In conclusion, the Special Editorial brings a fresh perspective on new visual research methodology that offers numerous possibilities for research by elicitation techniques and researcher- or research participant-produced visuals.