Abstract
Pinus merkusii Jungh et de Vriese, known as Tusam or Sumatran pine, is the only pine that grows naturally in the south of the Equator with its natural distribution found in Indonesia, the Philippines, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam. The Sumatran pine is an economically and ecologically important species in Indonesia that covers three native strains, Aceh, Kerinci, and Tapanuli. The resin tapping of the pine has been practiced for hundreds of years while its timber has long been commercially used for various purposes. Although the pine is known as highland species, its adaptability on a wide spectrum environment makes it suitable for various restoration and rehabilitation purposes both in lowland and highland sites. Its high commercial values have also made the species be massively planted in pine plantations outside their natural distribution in Sumatera (i.e., in Java and Sulawesi island). This paper will review the current condition of Sumatran pine and its potential as a restoration and rehabilitation species and delivering its natural and artificial distribution map in Indonesia. In addition, the paper will also show the genetic variability of the species, determine the current innovative practices in silvicultural aspect both at nursery and plantation scales, describe tree improvement program, including its role in agroforestry practices, pine product both timber and non-timber, and its potential resources in relation with climate change mitigation management.
Highlights
Pine is the largest genus of the Pinaceae family covering more than 110 species worldwide [1].The species most naturally grows in the Northern Hemisphere in various types of forest including temperate, sub-tropical, tropical, and boreal
This review described the management practice of P. merkusii in Indonesia
One distinct characteristic of pine management in Indonesia lies in the practice of agroforestry or social forestry system when Sumatran pines are intercropped with agricultural crops
Summary
Rinaldi Imanuddin 1 , Asep Hidayat 1, * , Henti Hendalastuti Rachmat 1 , Maman Turjaman 1 , Pratiwi 1 , Fitri Nurfatriani 2 , Yonky Indrajaya 3 and Arida Susilowati 4, *. Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Padang Bulan, Medan 20155, Indonesia. Received: 6 October 2020; Accepted: 18 November 2020; Published: 24 November 2020
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