Abstract
A recent reflector-backed antenna model is proposed in this paper for wireless capsule endoscopy localization. The antenna is designed to operate at the lowest 802.15.6 mandatory UWB (ultrawideband) channel, i.e., 4 GHz center frequency with 500 MHz bandwidth. The antenna achieves a good directivity and radiates well over the frequency band of interest. The proposed antenna was constructed within three successive steps. Initially, a planar omnidirectional antenna was designed of 3.15 dBi gain at 4 GHz. Since the antenna aims to operate as a receiving antenna, good directivity is preferred. Thus, an air-filled cavity was included backing the planar antenna to bolster the directivity toward the radiating element. The cavity-backed antenna has a measured gain of 6.4 dBi. The antenna was evaluated next to the homogenous and multilayer models. Then, the antenna design was optimized, by reducing its size, to a reflector-backed antenna structure reaching a maximum gain of 5.3 dBi, which is still promising for the regarded application. The body effect on the antenna matching was evaluated by means of multilayer and voxel models simulating the human body. This was followed by on-body measurements involving real subject. The depth of in-body propagation, from skin to small intestine, was studied using the multilayer and voxel models. Simulations were run using the CST Microwave Studio tool. While prototyping, free-space and on-body measurements took place at University of Oulu, Finland.
Highlights
In a world that is dominated by rapid change, mostly in novel technologies, wearable devices become important and unavoidable in life starting from home to hospitals
An important medical application is wireless capsule endoscopy localization [3, 4]. is specific application aims to provide an accurate position of a swallowed capsule, which travels through the GI tract from the esophagus to the small bowel organ [5]
As the world continues changing in a variety of ways, the necessity for new devices will significantly increase in many fields, especially in medical applications
Summary
In a world that is dominated by rapid change, mostly in novel technologies, wearable devices become important and unavoidable in life starting from home to hospitals. E paper is organized as follows: the antenna structure and analysis of the planar, cavity-backed, and reflectorbacked antenna structures are presented and discussed in Sections 2 and 3, respectively. E input impedance plotted in Figure 3 shows that the planar antenna had originally 48.25 + j0.98 Ω at 4 GHz. Planar and Cavity-Backed Antenna Structure e planar antenna was recently designed and originally published in [24]. It was agreed to repeat the matching result measurements with a modified and improved prototype At this regard, the new prototype incited a small size and easy manipulation for onbody application. The new prototype incited a small size and easy manipulation for onbody application To this end, an improved and optimized antenna structure was built, later named “reflector-backed structure.” is will be discussed . Antenna size is highly required by maintaining the good antenna performances. is will be discussed more in detail
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