Reflective interventions for cybersecurity: insights from a sociotechnical framework application and assessment

Background: Although diet is considered one of the major environmental risk factors related to chronic disease, many studies do not evaluate it not only because of practical and logistical issues, but also because of persistent concerns about error in self-reported diet. Web-based tools, however, make it feasible and affordable to collect high-quality, detailed dietary data in large observational studies. The Automated Self-Administered 24-hour recall (ASA24) is an easy-to-use, engaging, self-administered web-based dietary assessment tool. It is freely available from the National Cancer Institute and is available on all mobile devices. Studies can use ASA24 to collect single or multiday 24-hr recalls or food records. ASA24 automatically analyzes reported food, beverage, and dietary supplements intake, generating detailed data files of nutrients and food groups consumed at the person and food/beverage/supplement item level. The ASA24 System includes a researcher website where investigators register to use ASA24, schedule and track participant activities, and obtain data files. Self-reported diet using ASA24 was evaluated against recovery biomarkers (i.e., true intake) in the Interactive Diet and Activity Tracking in AARP (IDATA) Study. Absolute dietary intakes assessed by multiday ASA24 recalls were close to true intakes and outperformed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Aim: To assess the feasibility of using ASA24 (version 2011) in free living adults 50-74 years old. Method: Over a 12-month period, men (n=530) and women (n=545) were contacted by email, every other month, to complete an ASA24-2011 (total, 6 ASA24s/year). If a participant did not complete ASA24 after the first contact, a reminder email was sent on a new randomly selected day. Up to three email notifications were sent to obtain each of six ASA24s. Participants also completed a web-based FFQ at months 1 and 12. Results: Most men (92%) and women (87%) completed at least three ASA24s. 77% of participants completed at least five ASA24s. Completion rate for the 1st FFQ was 81% in men and 73% in women, dropping to 73% and 70%, respectively, for the 2nd FFQ. Most participants (men: 75%; women: 70%) completed ASA24 after the 1st email notification. Another 18% of men and 21% of women completed ASA24 after the 2nd email notification. Median time to complete ASA24-2011 for the 1st administration was 55 minutes in men and 58 minutes in women but declined to about 44 minutes by the 3rd ASA24. Participants <60 years old had a shorter time to complete an ASA24 than those >60 years old. A decline in completion time with each subsequent ASA24 did not appear to affect the quality of diet reporting as there were no systematic decreases in reported energy and nutrient intakes across ASA24 administrations. Conclusion: It is feasible to collect high-quality diet data using multiday ASAS24s in longitudinal observational studies. New as well as ongoing epidemiologic studies should consider incorporating a detailed dietary assessment such as ASA24 in future studies. This abstract is also being presented as Poster A35. Citation Format: Yikyung Park, Kevin W. Dodd, Douglas Midthune, Victor Kipnis, Heather Bowles, Amy F. Subar. Feasibility of assessing individual’s diet using a web-based dietary assessment tool, ASA24, in a longitudinal observational study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Modernizing Population Sciences in the Digital Age; 2019 Feb 19-22; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PR04.

Cancer risk assessment models versus National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines: What is the most comprehensive method to assess cancer risk and triage for genetic testing? (373)

This study aimed to determine the effect of using the Web-Based Assessment Tool in Araling Panlipunan 10. The descriptive method of research was utilized. There were 86 learners who served as respondents from Linga National High School. It sought to answer the following queries; (1) the status of using web-based assessment tools in Araling Panlipunan 10 in terms of online quizzes, digital educational games, and interactive videos?; (2) the level of students? Performance in terms of diagnostic test and summative test?; (3) the significant difference on the Performance of the students in terms of diagnostic test and summative test?; (4) the significant effect of using web based assessment tool on the students? Performance. Based on the data gathered, the following are the findings of the study. The status of web-based assessment tools in Araling Panlipunan 10 in terms of online quizzes, digital educational games and interactive videos were very high. The level of student?s performance in diagnostic test was satisfactory while the student?s performance in summative test was outstanding.The findings on the third question revealed that the diagnostic and summative assessments have a significant difference. Meanwhile, the finding on the fourth question showed that web-based assessment tools were observed to have a significant effect to the performance of the students for online quizzes, digital educational games, and interactive videos. Based on the data gathered, the conclusion derived was there is a significant difference between the diagnostic and summative assessment. Therefore, the null hypothesis is rejected. Furthermore, web-based assessment tools were observed to have a significant effect to the performance of the students based on the computed t-values for online quizzes, digital educational games, and interactive videos. Thus, the null hypothesis is also rejected. In view of the findings and conclusions of the study, the following recommendations were given: Web-based assessment tools can be used as a benchmarking tool to be utilized by teachers and students within the district; Facilitators are encouraged to adopt the proposed method in teaching various academic subject to achieve their learning objectives and incorporate the web-based assessment tools in the School Improvement Plan (SIP) considering its advantages to improve the students? performance.

This paper evaluates a web-based assessment tool for learning grammar at the primary school level. This tool is an e-assessment application which provides users with the opportunity to practice their grammar online and receive constant feedback on how well they are doing. The aim of this study was to investigate what affordances of the web-based assessment tool were perceived by the students. These findings will then be examined to provide a better understanding about the benefits and limitations of the use of such a web-based tool.

IntroductionWe developed a web-based cost assessment tool (CAT) to collect cost data as an improvement from a desktop instrument to perform economic evaluations of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC’s) Colorectal Cancer Control Program (CRCCP) grantees. We describe the development of the web-based CAT, evaluate the quality of the data obtained, and discuss lessons learned.MethodsWe developed and refined a web-based CAT to collect 5 years (2009–2014) of cost data from 29 CRCCP grantees. We analyzed funding distribution; costs by budget categories; distribution of costs related to screening promotion, screening provision, and overarching activities; and reporting of screenings for grantees that received funding from non-CDC sources compared with those grantees that did not.ResultsCDC provided 85.6% of the resources for the CRCCP, with smaller amounts from in-kind contributions (7.8%), and funding from other sources (6.6%) (eg, state funding). Grantees allocated, on average, 95% of their expenditures to specific program activities and 5% to other activities. Some non-CDC funds were used to provide screening tests to additional people, and these additional screens were captured in the CAT.ConclusionA web-based tool can be successfully used to collect cost data on expenditures associated with CRCCP activities. Areas for future refinement include how to collect and allocate dollars from other sources in addition to CDC dollars.

BackgroundDietary assessment in clinical practice is performed by means of computer support, either in the form of a web-based tool or software. The aim of the paper is to present the results of the comparison of a Slovenian web-based tool with German software for the evaluation of four-day weighted paper-and-pencil-based dietary records (paper-DRs) in pregnant women.MethodsA volunteer group of pregnant women (n=63) completed paper-DRs. These records were entered by an experienced research dietitian into a web-based application (Open Platform for Clinical Nutrition, OPEN, http://opkp.si/en, Ljubljana, Slovenia) and software application (Prodi 5.7 Expert plus, Nutri-Science, Stuttgart, Germany, 2011). The results for calculated energy intake, as well as 45 macro- and micronutrient intakes, were statistically compared by using the non-parametric Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. The cut-off for Spearman’s rho was set at >0.600.Results12 nutritional parameters (energy, carbohydrates, fat, protein, water, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, dietary fiber, vitamin C, folic acid, and stearic acid) were in high correlation (>0.800), 18 in moderate (0.600–0.799), 11 in weak correlation (0.400–0.599), while 5 (arachidonic acid, niacin, alpha-linolenic acid, fluoride, total sugars) did not show any statistical correlation.ConclusionComparison of the results of the evaluation of dietary records using a web-based dietary assessment tool with those using software shows that there is a high correlation for energy and macronutrient content.

To develop a web-based tool to facilitate identification, evaluation and management of teeth requiring endodontic treatment. Following a literature search and thorough analysis of existing case difficulty assessment forms, the web-based tool was developed using an online survey builder (Qualtrics, Qualtrics Lab, UT, USA). Following feedback from a pilot study, it was refined and improved. A study was performed, using the updated version (EndoApp) on a cohort (n = 53) of dental professionals and dental students. The participants were e-mailed instructions detailing the assessment of five test cases using EndoApp, followed by completion of a structured feedback form. Analysis of the EndoApp responses was used to evaluate usage times, whereas the results of the feedback forms were used to assess user experience and relevance, other potential applications and comments on further improvement/s. The average usage time was 2min 7s; the average times needed for the last three (Cases 3-5) were significantly less than the preceding two (Cases 1 & 2) test cases. An overwhelming majority of participants expressed favourable views on user experience and relevance of the web-based case difficulty assessment tool. Only two participants (4%) were unlikely or very unlikely to use EndoApp again. The potential application of EndoApp as an 'educational tool' and for 'primary care triage' was deemed the most popular features and of greater importance than the secondary options of 'fee setting' and as a 'dento-legal justification tool'. Within the study limitations, owing to its ability to quantify the level of difficulty and provide guidance, EndoApp was considered user-friendly and helped facilitate endodontic case difficulty assessment. From the feedback, further improvements and the development of a Smartphone App version are in progress. EndoApp may facilitate treatment planning, improve treatment cost-effectiveness and reduce frequency of procedural errors by providing appropriate guidance on endodontic case management.

BackgroundChildren with cancer often suffer side effects from their treatment, for example nausea and vomiting, which can lead to malnutrition. If a child cannot eat orally, a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) can improve his or her well-being, psychosocial development and growth by enabling the supply of nourishment and facilitating the administration of necessary medicines. Few data exist on children’s comfort when using a PEG. The aim of this study was firstly to develop three versions of a web-based assessment tool in which children, families, and healthcare professionals would be able to register their observations and assessments for evaluating the meal situation when a child has a PEG and secondly to validate the content of the tool.MethodsA qualitative design was chosen with purposive sampling of participants. Five children with cancer, five parents, five registered nurses and five paediatricians participated first in an interview and then in a member check of the web-based tool. The data were analysed with manifest qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe results highlighted four categories of issues which needed to be revised in the web-based tool: words which were difficult for the participants to understand, items which contained several questions, items which needed to be split into more items to be answerable and the layout of the questionnaire. The web-based tool was revised according to the categories, and then a member check evaluated and finally confirmed the revisions.ConclusionsA web-based tool may be able to evaluate the meal situation when a child with cancer has a PEG. The tool may be able to detect early failures of the PEG, facilitating early action from the healthcare professionals in supporting the child and his or her parents in their care of the PEG. In the long run, this web-based tool may also be able to increase the quality of care of children living with a PEG.

The major challenges of project risk assessment may be attributed to the knowledge requirements for determining the level of uncertainty and the development of complex models to predict project outcomes. The duration–cost influence network is an adequate model that can be used for activity-based risk modeling. In this study, a scenario analysis feature is added to this model and a Web-based tool is developed that can be used to calculate risk-adjusted duration and cost, considering the risks affecting cost and duration of individual activities. Monte Carlo simulation is used to create scenarios, and the output of these scenarios is calculated by using the cost–duration influence system that simulates the vulnerability of the project to the identified risk factors. The Web-based tool can be used by decision makers during the preplanning stage of construction projects to estimate the cost and duration implications of various risk occurrence scenarios, determine contingencies, and prepare risk-manage...

ICT has transformed the conventional learning system into a modern learning system, demanding innovation in the delivery of learning. So that this study has the aim of developing, knowing the feasibility of online web-based learning and assessment tool in physics, as well as knowing students' learning results in the ICT media. This study research & development (R&D) method using Borg & Gall model. Which refers to the potential problem through data collection, product design, design validation, revision of product design, product testing, revision of usage. The feasibility testing of media and material was carried out by two material expert validators and two media expert validators with a small group trial conducted on students consisting of 13 respondents and large group trial conducted on students consisting of 40 respondents. We use online media for web-based learning and assessment tool in vocational high school for Physics subject, and the results of the study show that this application generates individual assignments, marks student responses, supplies students with the rapid feedback, and records student activities. The student activity log provides insight into student learning habits. Its a reference for assessment. This application meets the requirements as a learning media. The results of the validation by an expert material on online web-based learning and assessment tool gets a percentage of an average score of 82%, and the material gets a percentage of 81.33% criteria very feasible.

"eLCA" is a European Commission financed project aimed at realising “On line green tools and services for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs)”. Knowledge and use of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) by SMEs are strategic to introduce the Integrated Product Policy (IPP) in Europe, but methodology simplification is needed. LCA requires a large amount of validated general and sector specific data. Since their availability and cost can be insuperable barriers for SMEs, pre-elaborated data/meta-data, use of standards and low cost solutions are required. Within the framework of the eLCA project an LCA software - eVerdEE - based on a simplified methodology and specialised for SMEs has been developed. eVerdEE is a web-based tool with some innovative features. Its main feature is the adaptation of ISO 14040 requirements to offer easy-to-handle functions with solid scientific bases. Complex methodological problems, such as the system boundaries definition, the data quality estimation and documentation, the choice of impact categories, are simplified according to the SMEs’ needs. Predefined "Goal and Scope definition" and "Inventory" forms, a user-friendly and well structured procedure are time and cost-effective. The tool is supported by a database containing pre-elaborated environmental indicators of substances and processes for different impact categories. The impact assessment is calculated automatically by using the user’s input and the database values. The results have different levels of interpretation in order to identify the life cycle critical points and the improvement options. The use of a target plot allows the direct comparison of different design alternatives.

Solution assessment is a critical first-step in understanding and measuring the business process efficiency enabled by an integrated solution package. However, assessing the effectiveness of any solution is usually a very expensive and timeconsuming task which involves lots of domain knowledge, collecting and understanding the specific customer operational context, defining validation scenarios and estimating the expected performance and operational cost. This paper presents an intelligent web-based tool that can rapidly assess any given solution package for production publishing workflows via a simulation engine and create a report for various estimated performance metrics (e.g. throughput, turnaround time, resource utilization) and operational cost. By integrating the digital publishing workflow ontology and an activity based costing model with a Petri-net based workflow simulation engine, this web-based tool allows users to quickly evaluate any potential digital publishing solutions side-by-side within their desired operational contexts, and provides a low-cost and rapid assessment for organizations before committing any purchase. This tool also benefits the solution providers to shorten the sales cycles, establishing a trustworthy customer relationship and supplement the professional assessment services with a proven quantitative simulation and estimation technology.

Despite public health efforts to reduce dietary sodium, sodium intakes in most countries remains high. The purpose of this study was to determine if using novel web-based tools that provide tailored feedback, the Sodium Calculator and Sodium Calculator Plus, improves users’ sodium-related knowledge, attitudes, and intended behaviours (KAB). In this single arm pre- and post-test study, 199 healthy adults aged 18–34 years completed a validated questionnaire to assess changes to sodium-related KAB before and after using the calculators. After using the calculators, the proportion of participants who accurately identified the sodium adequate intake and chronic disease risk reduction level increased (19% to 74% and 23% to 74%, respectively, both p = 0.021). The proportion accurately self-assessing their sodium intake as ‘high’ also increased (41% to 66%, p = 0.021). Several intended behavioural changes were reported, i.e., buying foods with sodium-reduced labels, using the Nutrition Facts table, using spices and herbs instead of salt, and limiting eating out. Evidence-based eHealth tools that assess and provide personalized feedback on sodium intake have the potential to aid in facilitating sodium reduction in individuals. This study is an important first step in evaluating and optimizing the implementation of eHealth tools to help reduce Canadians’ sodium intakes.

<abstract><p>The objective of this paper was to examine the present state of geometric constructions in both international and national mathematics assessments. Additionally, it aimed to shed light on the noticeable lack of geometric construction items in these assessments and propose a solution to incorporate such items by utilizing a web-based mathematics assessment tool. After providing a brief summary of the unique benefits associated with geometric construction problems, the subsequent paper explored the development of a web-based mathematics assessment tool, the procedure for generating automatic evaluation GeoGebra applets for geometric construction problems, and their integration into Moodle learning management system (LMS). The purpose of this assessment tool was to enhance the evaluation of a substantially larger group of students within the realm of geometric constructions. The final section of the paper examined the difficulties encountered in the creation of the automatic evaluation applets and their incorporation into Moodle LMS. Through the development of such a web-based mathematics assessment tool, we enabled the evaluation of a significantly larger number of students, thus aiding not only national and international mathematics examinations but also assisting mathematics teachers in tracking students' scores and progress.</p></abstract>

A web-based formative assessment tool for Masters students: A pilot study