Abstract
This article presents the social cohesiveness of traditional Sasak reflected and expressed in their linguistics, particularly at social capital domain, and to transform it to the current social capital of Sasak people. The category and linguistic expressions are considered to be the lingual category forms and the verbal expressions in the social capital domain, in which it is kept various knowledge systems of the social cohesiveness of Sasak people. Transformation in this study is defined as a shift at the surface structure (the lingual transformation) and deep structure (the behaviour transformation) of Sasak people, it is used the ethnosemantic approach, by investigating certain vocabularies in the language they use in the social domain having relationship with the social capital. This study reveals three social capitals of Sasak people becoming the base of values: (1) the social capital referring to the interactional forms, (2) to the institutional forms, and (3) to the norms. Furthermore, the social transformation tendency is caused by (i) the new qualification needs, (ii) the shift of professional role, and (iii) the existence of the complexity stratification, and (iv) the existence of new various institutions formed by the governments and the formal system power.
Highlights
This article presents the social cohesiveness of traditional Sasak reflected and expressed in their linguistics, at social capital domain, and to transform it to the current social capital of Sasak people
This study reveals three social capitals of Sasak people becoming the base of values: (1) the social capital referring to the interactional forms, (2) to the institutional forms, and (3) to the norms
Metode dan aneka teknik analisis bahasa: Pengantar penelitian wahana kebudayaan secara linguistik
Summary
Jauh sebelum suatu masyarakat menerima ilmu dan teknologi modern, mereka sudah memiliki sistem ilmu pengetahuan sendiri mengenai berbagai hal. Sistem pengetahuan masyarakat Sasak dalam dunia sosial (domain modal sosial), terefleksikan melalui data atau fakta linguistik berupa kategori/leksikon dan ekspresi linguistik yang merujuk pada domain tersebut. Etnosains sendiri didefinisikan sebagai perangkat pengetahuan yang dimiliki oleh suatu masyarakat suku bangsa yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode tertentu serta mengikuti prosedur tertentu yang merupakan bagian dari “tradisi” mereka, dan “kebenarannya” dapat diuji secara empiris (AhimsaPutra, 1985; 2002; 2003). Oleh karena itu, penting untuk mengungkapkan bagaimana masyarakat pengguna bahasa sebagai agency merespons dan bernegosiasi dengan struktur sosial mereka (yang mencakupi pula sistem bahasanya). Kontak dengan informan serta pengetahuan tentang dinamika hubungan antara agency dan struktur perlu juga dikaji dalam tulisan ini Dengan demikian, penelitian ini diharapkan bisa memberikan sumbangsih pengetahuan tentang bagaimana sistem pengetahuan masyarakat Sasak (komunitas adat dan pedesaan) dan local wisdomnya terkait dengan dunia sosial (domain modal sosial) mereka. Bagaimana pula kecenderungan terjadinya transformasi sosial sekarang ini dalam domain tersebut sebagai sebuah komunitas/suku yang dilihat dari pergeseran verbal pada ranah tersebut
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