Reference points: A “structuralist” account of Deleuze’s (radical) structuralism and semiotics

Structured approaches to implementation of clinical genomics: A scoping review

Latimer Core (LtC) is a new proposed Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG) data standard that supports the representation and discovery of natural science collections by structuring data about the groups of objects that those collections and their subcomponents encompass (Woodburn et al. 2022). It is designed to be applicable to a range of use cases that include high level collection registries, rich textual narratives and semantic networks of collections, as well as more granular, quantitative breakdowns of collections to aid collection discovery and digitisation planning. As a standard that is (in this first version) focused on natural science collections, LtC has significant intersections with existing data standards and models (Fig. 1) that represent individual natural science objects and occurrences and their associated data (e.g., Darwin Core (DwC), Access to Biological Collection Data (ABCD), Conceptual Reference Model of the International Committee on Documentation (CIDOC-CRM)). LtC’s scope also overlaps with standards for more generic concepts like metadata, organisations, people and activities (i.e., Dublin Core, World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) ORG Ontology and PROV Ontology, Schema.org). LtC represents just an element of this extended network of data standards for the natural sciences and related concepts. Mapping between LtC and intersecting standards is therefore crucial for avoiding duplication of effort in the standard development process, and ensuring that data stored using the different standards are as interoperable as possible in alignment with FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) principles. In particular, it is vital to make robust associations between records representing groups of objects in LtC and records (where available) that represent the objects within those groups. During LtC development, efforts were made to identify and align with relevant standards and vocabularies, and adopt existing terms from them where possible. During expert review, a more structured approach was proposed and implemented using the Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) mappingRelation vocabulary. This exercise helped to better describe the nature of the mappings between new LtC terms and related terms in other standards, and to validate decisions around the borrowing of existing terms for LtC. A further exercise also used elements of the Simple Standard for Sharing Ontological Mappings (SSSOM) to start to develop a more comprehensive set of metadata around these mappings. At present, these mappings (Suppl. material 1 and Suppl. material 2) are provisional and not considered to be comprehensive, but should be further refined and expanded over time. Even with the support provided by the SKOS and SSSOM standards, the LtC experience has proven the mapping process to be far from straightforward. Different standards vary in how they are structured, for example, DwC is a ‘bag of terms’, with informal classes and no structural constraints, while more structured standards and ontologies like ABCD and PROV employ different approaches to how structure is defined and documented. The various standards use different metadata schemas and serialisations (e.g., Resource Description Framework (RDF), XML) for their documentation, and different approaches to providing persistent, resolvable identifiers for their terms. There are also many subtle nuances involved in assessing the alignment between the concepts that the source and target terms represent, particularly when assessing whether a match is exact enough to allow the existing term to be adopted. These factors make the mapping process quite manual and labour-intensive. Approaches and tools, such as developing decision trees (Fig. 2) to represent the logic involved and further exploration of the SSSOM standard, could help to streamline this process. In this presentation, we will discuss the LtC experience of the standard mapping process, the challenges faced and methods used, and the potential to contribute this experience to a collaborative standards mapping within the anticipated TDWG Standards Mapping Interest Group.

The purpose of the article is to study problems and formulate recommendations for ensuring the formation of the model of the innovation economy in Ukraine and the formation of principles of effective management of the innovative development of the country. Methodology. To achieve these objective, the article used a system of general and special methods of investigation processes and phenomena in their relationship and development, namely, the systematic and structured approach, methods of theoretical analysis and synthesis (for the characteristics of the concepts of “innovation economy”, “innovation development” and other related concepts). Thanks to the system-structural approach, innovative economy and innovative development are presented as a set of elements and properties, interactions between them create a new integrity of modern economic relations on a global scale and the scale of a single country (as a part of the global economic environment). Results of the survey showed understanding of the role and place of the “innovative economy” as a concept that characterizes conditions of the interaction of economic entities in the modern economy, with taking into account the peculiarities and priorities of the formation of this economic model in countries with a transition economy. Ukraine, as a country of transition economy, is at an early stage of formation of an effective system of innovative development, and at this stage resolving conflicts of macro-, meso-, and micro-economic interests and objectives in the economic system is an important factor in overcoming the inertia of development. Reference points of the formation and development of innovative economy in Ukraine, with taking into account the experience of today’s developed economies should be: high quality of life as a result – its high purchasing power, the ability to buy high-tech products that can be achieved due to the high cost and the quality of human capital; at the same time, the quality of human capital has to be ensured by increasing the level of education and science, which determines the possibility to implement technologies and production mainly in IV-VI technological structure. Practical implications. The stimulation of innovation-oriented development of Ukraine should be based on the creation of a certain form of interaction between the subjects of the economy within the framework of the management system, built on the principles, ideas, and priorities laid down in the concept of “innovative economy”. These conditions allow creating an environment within the country, characterized by the redundancy of proposals of innovative solutions and as a result, effective implementation in practice the most productive part of them, due to competition, innovation, ideas, technologies, and processes. Value/originality. Presented instruments of coordination of goals and interests focus on specific, concrete model of development at all levels of the hierarchical subordination of goals and interests through macro, meso, and micro needs establishment, implementation, and wide dissemination of innovation as an essential condition to ensure the competitiveness of enterprises, sectors of the economy at the domestic and foreign markets.

Accuracy of the AAST organ injury scale for CT evaluation of traumatic liver and spleen injuries

The goal of this article is to construct a theoretical framework for the study of income determination that incorporates elements of three major approaches we characterize as status attainment, human capital, and structural approaches. These three approaches are briefly reviewed and criticized. The framework is introduced through the theoretical concepts of the social relations of production and exchange, the sociotechnical relations of production, and individual characteristics. Hypotheses are introduced and data and measures are generated to test them. In general, the model and its measures perform promisingly.

Housing architecture in the Kampong Chinatown Karangturi - Lasem located in the North Coast of Java was the architecture of the Chinese community that had the character of the Chinese architectural style, this phenomenon is reinforced by the data entry of Chinese culture that took place since the 13th century. This study revealed how to understand the concept relation of function, form and meaning of urban housing architecture in the North Coast region of East Java. Case study looked at the extent of housing architecture in the Kampong Sumber Girang, Lasem as clients affected by the housing architecture in Kampung Karangturi as a patron. This study took the method of structuralism and typomorphology approach to unravel the phenomenon of urban coastal architecture concept of relation. The results of this study showed that to understand the concept relations of function, form and meaning of coastal architecture could be determined through the study of Javanese human behavior concept of relation, which at the end revealed the surface structure and deep structures of coastal architecture.

The article considers the experience economy (the economy of impressions) in the prism of its dependence and interdependence on the cultural and value paradigms of modern society. The relevance of the research is determined by the novelty of the analysis of the concept in relation to modern social axiology. The purpose of the article is to analyze the structure-forming elements of the experience economy in its correlation with cultural and value paradigms. The scope of the research includes the formulation of the principles of the experience economy as an important element of the service sector based on a customized approach to the client, consideration of its conceptual characteristics, as well as the analysis of the value-ethical component of this objective socioeconomic phenomenon inherent to post-industrial society. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the author's interpretation of this relatively modern marketing approach. The essence of the experience economy, its functions and basic principles are analyzed. The reasons for its increasing importance as a socio-humanitarian component contributing to sustainable development are discussed since that is especially relevant in the current conditions when the ontological, axiological and ethical aspects of the society are being reinterpreted. The importance of considering the values of different customer generations to form impressions and experiences is emphasized. The working principles of the experience economy are considered. In the course of the research, general scientific methods were used: in particular, integrative and systemic approaches, to allow the identification of the essential content of the marketing element; structural and functional approach, allowing for the exploration of the structure and functions of the experience economy; socio-cultural approach, in order to examine the characteristics of the phenomenon and its impact on the system of interaction between the brand and the consumer; as well as axiological approach, which allow for the identification of value orientations and attitudes in their correlations with social axiology. The prospects of the experience economy as a factor contributing to sustainable development from the point of view of its impact on the consumer behavior and society are analyzed. The research indicates the emergence of a new paradigm of sociocultural experience based on co-creation and acquisition of a unique collective experience. The increasing importance of growing social capital by doing work for public causes is emphasized. Specificities of the economy of impressions are described and its core concepts systematized. The author concludes that the economy of impressions is a response to the value orientations of millennials to modern challenges which determines their consumer behavior.

the article considers the issues of studying and describing the relations of a criminal personality to the social environment. The practical and scientific relevance of studying social relations is noted. Attention is focused on the role of relations in criminalization and resocialization of personality. The lack of ideas about determinants of relations of a criminogenic personality is stated. The aim of the study is to develop a model of relations of criminogenic personality. The methodological basis of the study is the system approach. The concept of "criminogenic personality" is defined and characterized. Theoretical information about the significance of personality attitudes to others is given. Morphological, structural and functional approaches to study of relations are described. The assumption about the validity of the structural-functional version of the system approach is formulated. The concept of relations is defined together with the model of relations to others. System-forming significance is given to the complex of criminogenic personality traits. Structural components of relationship are divided into subject and object parts. Functional components are considered in context of complicity of others in satisfaction of needs and change of self-relationship of a criminogenic personality. The area of applying the results is the prevention of recidivism. The novelty of the work is a model describing the relations of a criminogenic person. In conclusion, scientific and methodological prospects of application of developed structural and functional model are discussed. The scientific perspective is the conceptualization of relations. The methodological perspective consists in operationalization of the model in the form of a questionnaire used for psychological support of convicts.

There are two main ideas in this article, how deconstruction and reconstruction models can be used in human communication process, especially in understanding marginalized communities that all this time are powerless in sounding their existance. The emerging of deconstruction has become an attached character of post-structuralism that criticize the determinations of structuralism. Structuralism approach always accentuate the binary opposition, a pair of related terms or concepts that are opposite in meaning, so it create levels of hierarchy, resulting inferior culture and the correctness is only for the dominant and powerful ones. Through the language perspective, deconstruction try to point out the limitations of construction in the form of writing, and try to involve the power of spoken language as a cultural convention that deserved to get the attention. On the other side, representation accuracy can be a model to object who presumed wrong doing. In other words, representation can be a prevention mechanism to human behavior that violate the community signs; so that the wrong doings can not be happenned again. Nevertheless, disciplinary or punishment form resulting from representation is not to omit the violation, but to avoid the recurrence of an event.

This study investigates the use of information graphics to display the outputs of health technology assessment (HTA) in the United Kingdom and proposes a more structured approach founded in an analysis of the decision-making requirements of the key stakeholders. A scoping review of HTA reports was conducted to investigate current practice in the use of information graphics in HTA literature. A classification framework using dimensions of report section, graphical type, and originating research center was devised and used for a full content analysis of the graphical figures in the fifty most recent reports produced for the UK National Health Service's HTA process. Our survey shows that graphical tools are used extensively in HTA reports although less frequently than tables. Use of information graphics varies widely between different report sections and tends to follow conventional lines with little evidence of variance from established practice. The largest variance was found between the quantities of graphics used by different research centers responsible for authoring the reports. HTA makes extensive use of graphics; however, there is little evidence of a systematic or standardized approach, or of much innovation. Significant potential exists to explore the application of information graphics in this field, but there are many research challenges. A contextually based, structured approach to the design of effective information graphics in HTA is proposed as a basis both to investigate the application of existing graphical tools in HTA, and to explore the considerable scope for innovation.

The purpose of the research is to carry out a comparative analysis of the concepts of semiotics of cinema by Roland Barthes and Yurii Lotman in the context of their understanding of the nature of film language, since understanding and methods of studying of contemporary digital audiovisual art are the topic of current interest in contemporary art history. The research methodology. The contemporary study of digital audiovisual art, as a rule, takes place within the context of interdisciplinary work, therefore, one of the methodological principles of such work is structural and semiotic approach. Today, this methodological approach to study the audiovisual art is the most developed in the semiotics of cinema, therefore the visual semiotics is viewed through the semiotics of cinema. The scientific novelty of the research. For the first time a comparative analysis of Yurii Lotman’s and Roland Barthes’s semiotics of cinema within the framework of the structural and semiotic approach was carried out. The potential of this methodological approach in the study of audiovisual art has been revealed. Conclusions. The article highlights the special aspects of understanding and application of semiotic concepts by the mentioned authors based on the cinematographic material. Thus, Roland Barthes thought that problems in a semiotic study of the cinema occur when a linguistic approach is applied, and Yurii Lotman believed such study to be completely acceptable. This resulted in a different understanding by these scientists of the nature of film language, its minimal meaningful unit, the role of syntagmatics and paradigmatics in the film narration. Different perceptions of the nature of film language and its components are an important basis for the study of contemporary digital audiovisual arts. The main difficulty of semiotics of cinema is the issue of non discrete iconic (analogue) sign in the study of cinema within the framework of the structural and semiotic approach. This problem can be solved based on the legacy of semiotics of cinema of R. Barthes and Yu. Lotman. Another important characteristic of the structural and semiotic approach is its ability to be combined with other methodological approaches in the interdisciplinary study of digital audiovisual art

The literary work is closely related to the background of the society that created it. One form of literary work is folklore. Moronene folklore certainly reflect the social and cultural aspects of Moronene society. The female character, also a part of the social and cultural aspects of society. Moronene's female character, according to the Moronene tradition, is possible to be understood through Moronene folklore. This study aims to gain an in-depth understanding of the character of Moronene women in Moronene folklore. This research uses qualitative approach with content analysis method. This research uses a structural and semiotic approach with the female characters in Moronene folklore. This research data is derived from Kada folklore taken using purposive sampling. The data collection instrument is the researcher himself as a key instrument. Data were analyzed using Mayring's (2000) model with structural and semiotic approach. The examination of legalization of data is done by triangulation technique. The research findings show that female characters, based on the Kada folklore structure, reflect women who are consequent to their image and role.

Introduction. A wide range of tasks facing internal affairs bodies, a significant load on police officials, as well as the direct dependence of law and order on the effectiveness of their activities – all this determines the relevance of the search for ways to optimise the administrative and procedural status of a police officer. On a daily basis, police officials carry out proceedings on cases of administrative offences, regularly conduct reception of citizens (including complaints proceedings). A police official often has an official need to take part in administrative proceedings. In addition, within the framework of intra-organisational service relations, each police officer is a potential participant in disciplinary, performance appraisal and promotion proceedings. The aim of this article: on the basis of achievements of administrative-procedural theory to formulate new conclusions about the concept and content of the status of a police official as a participant of administrative-procedural relations, to classify types of administrative-procedural proceedings with the participation of police officials. Methods. General methods of cognition (comparison, analysis, synthesis, abstraction, system, structural and functional approach) were used in the work. Results. The concept of administrative-procedural relations, a participant of which is a police official, is formulated; types of administrative proceedings, a potential participant of which is a police official, are defined, and their classification by various criteria is carried out; some shortcomings of administrative-procedural legislation, enshrining the status of a police official as a participant of administrative-procedural relations, are revealed.

Pharmaceutical research and development encompass a series of interconnected steps that are crucial for creating safe and effective drug candidates targeting specific diseases. This process involves rigorous testing and evaluation to ensure that the drugs developed meet safety standards and therapeutic efficacy. The significance of this systematic approach lies in its ability to address the complications of various diseases, ultimately leading to advancements in medical treatment and patient care. The successful development of a drug candidate is contingent upon thorough research, which includes preclinical studies and clinical trials, ensuring that the final product is both reliable and beneficial for patients. The review emphasizes the importance of a systematic approach in the pharmaceutical research and development sector. It highlights the interconnected steps necessary for the successful development of drugs, underscoring the critical need for safety and efficacy in pharmaceutical products. The primary objective is to ensure that the drugs developed meet the standards required for public use, thereby enhancing public health outcomes. Overall, the review serves as a guide for stakeholders in the pharmaceutical industry to prioritize safety and effectiveness throughout the drug development process. With an emphasis on the interrelated processes in the drug development process and the significance of new and advanced approaches, this article highlights the evidence based on the importance of a systematic and structured approach in drug development. It points out that a systematic approach is crucial in pharmaceutical Research and Development (R&D) to ensure successful outcomes. It is essential to continuously update and understand these steps to keep pace with advancements in the field. Additionally, staying informed about the development of new and advanced techniques at each stage of drug R&D is vital for enhancing efficiency and effectiveness. This comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed and Scopus, focusing on research published up to January 2025. Continuous upgrades in awareness about R&D and innovative procedures within the industry are essential. It highlights the importance of following systematic methods to ensure that R&D practices remain relevant and practical. Moreover, this understanding is necessary for the safe and effective creation of pharmaceuticals. Ultimately, enhancing this awareness is likely to improve the overall effectiveness of R&D processes.

1 - Structures, Languages and Translations: the Structural Approach to Feature Logic