Abstract
Background The reference range of total testosterone needs to be established locally as ethnic differences in adiposity, insulin sensitivity, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels may affect total testosterone levels. The aim of this study is to establish the reference intervals of total testosterone from healthy, young adult Filipino males. Methods The study included 110 healthy, Filipino male volunteers aged 21–40, studying or working at the University of the Philippines Manila. Clinical history, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure (BP) were obtained, and blood for total testosterone, SHBG, albumin, insulin, fasting blood sugar (FBS), and total cholesterol was collected. Free testosterone was calculated using Vermeulen's formula. The 2.5th to 97.5th percentiles of subjects for total testosterone were used as the normative range for Filipino men. Results The reference range of total testosterone is 7.33–53.01 nmol/L. Conclusion The present study derived reference ranges of total testosterone using data from apparently healthy, young adult men to support clinical services.
Highlights
Androgens are vital for the male’s physical attributes, distinct strength, behavior, and reproduction [1]
Total testosterone levels were skewed to the right. e serum insulin levels were skewed to the right with an evident outlier that was detected by Dixon’s algorithm. e distribution of sex hormone-binding globulin concentration was almost symmetrical
We developed reference ranges for young, nonobese Filipino males aged 21–40. ere are no reported reference intervals for other predominantly Malay groups such as those from Indonesia, ailand, Brunei, nor Singapore, there is an article comparing average testosterone levels between Malays and Chinese men in Malaysia using chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) [35]. is study written by Chin and colleagues reported a mean of 20.4 nmol/L with a standard deviation of 6.4 nmol/L. is is comparable with our results, with a mean of 21.86 nmol/L and a standard deviation of 10.8 nmol/L
Summary
Androgens are vital for the male’s physical attributes, distinct strength, behavior, and reproduction [1]. Male androgens mostly come from the testes in the form of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. E adrenals contribute a small portion in the form of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S). Ese adrenal hormones can be converted into testosterone in the periphery. Androgen deficiency has been associated with many diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, depression, and Alzheimer’s disease, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [4,5,6,7,8] and with the use of certain medications such as steroids, anticonvulsants, and opioids [1]. Androgen deficiency causes osteoporosis, increased cardiovascular mortality, and poor quality of life [1, 9, 10]. To determine whether a patient is testosterone deficient, guidelines of the European Association of Urology (EAU)
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
