Abstract
In this study, the emission characteristics of PCDD/Fs, PCBs and PBDEs from heavy-duty diesel vehicles, and the reduction of these above toxic pollutants by deploying three kinds of diesel particulate filters (DPFs), that is, mobile metal filter plus catalyzed diesel particulate filter (MMF + CDPF), diesel oxidation catalysts (DOC) + CDPF and partial diesel particulate filter (PDPF) were investigated. The tested vehicles were maintained at 60 km/h for 10 minutes on a standard chassis dynamometer. The results show that vehicles with greater mileage had higher PCDD/Fs, PCB and PBDE concentrations in the exhaust. After the tested vehicles were equipped with DPFs, some trials showed the formation of PCDD/Fs and PCBs occurring inside the DPF. This could be due to the de novo and precursor formation resulting from the combined effects of the accumulated particulate in the DPFs, favorable temperature and longer retention time for the exhaust. The PDPF exhibited the largest reduction in these toxic pollutants emitted from HDDVs, which reached 83.9%–95.3% on mass basis, and 54.2%–71.9% on toxicity basis. However, significant differences existed among the trials of these three DPFs, revealing that the influential factors for the reduction of these toxic pollutants could be more complex than those for reduction of particulate matter.
Highlights
Ambient particulate matter (PM) has an adverse impact on human health and environmental quality
After the tested vehicles were equipped with diesel particulate filters (DPFs), some trials showed the formation of PCDD/Fs and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) occurring inside the DPF
PCDD/F, PCB and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) concentrations in the exhaust of these tested heavy-duty diesel vehicles before and after deploying DPFs as pollution control devices are listed in Tables 2 to 4, respectively
Summary
Ambient particulate matter (PM) has an adverse impact on human health and environmental quality. Air pollution control devices (APCDs), such as bag filters (Lin et al, 2008; Li et al, 2010; Yamada et al, 2011), electrostatic precipitators (EP) (Ruttanachot et al, 2011), activated carbon injection (Li et al, 2010) and other measures (Lai et al, 2007; Wang et al, 2008a), are used to remove pollutants from stack flue gases of stationary emission sources. Heavy-duty diesel vehicles emit potentially harmful and unregulated toxic pollutants to the atmosphere, such as PAHs, PCDD/Fs, PCBs and PBDEs (Wenger et al, 2008; Wang et al, 2010b, 2011). The reduction of toxic pollutants by deploying three kinds of DPF as pollution control devices was evaluated to clarify their removal
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