Abstract
The salinization process in irrigated areas in the semi-arid region of Brazil, constantly cause economic, social, and environmental problems. Therefore, the present research aimed at assessing the effect of different amounts of agricultural gypsum and cow manure associated with an artificial drainage system and salt leaching due to the application of amount of water in a saline-sodic soil under field condition. The experiment was carried out at the irrigated perimeter of Jacaré-Curituba, Poço Redondo, with an experimental design split into plots made of doses of gypsum corresponding to 0,0; 4,300.00 and 8,600.00 kg.ha-1 combined with and without organic matter, cow manure with 25,000.00 kg.ha-1 and 0.00 kg.ha-1. Each treatment (six in total) was repeated four times. Thus, 24 plots of 50 m2 were monitored (split plot) with an area of 1.200 m2. All treatments had an artificial drainage system in the center of the plot and the same amount of leach water was then added. The outcomes allowed us to understand that all treatments had the salinity and sodicity soil values reduced at the studied site. Moreover, the treatments with cow manure (source of organic matter) presented the best results, because soil electrical conductivity values (< 4 dS m-1) reached the normal level to agricultural yield.
Highlights
O processo de salinização em áreas irrigadas do semiárido brasileiro, constantemente, traz consigo problemas econômicos, sociais e ambientais para a região
Chemical analysis done on the final experiment revealed that electrical conductivity (EC) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) showed differences among treatments (Figures 5 and 6) and all treatments were efficient to decrease these parameters when compared with the initial soil characterization (Table 1)
Similar outcomes were found in Santos et al (2019) [34] that studied saline-sodic soil after leaching under field condition, gypsum and gypsum associated with cow manure, rice husk and coconut fiber presented EC superior to 4 dS m-1, whereas the treatments without gypsum EC were inferior to 4 dS m-1
Summary
The irrigated perimeters in Brazil and the world are the economic and social extreme importance. Studies reported that gypsum associated to organic matter application and water leaching are efficient to recover saline-sodic and sodic soils. These techniques are employed in small volumes of soil in labs and greenhouses studies. The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of different gypsum and cow manure rates associated to artificial drainage system and salts leaching promoted by a inundation water supply in salinesodic soil under filed condition at the Jacaré-Curituba perimeter located in the Brazilian semi-arid region
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