Abstract
The Fifth Generation (5G) wireless networks set its standard to provide very high data rates, Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC), and significantly improved Quality of Service (QoS). 5G networks and beyond will power up billions of connected devices as it expands wireless services to edge computing and the Internet of Things (IoT). The Internet protocol suite continues its evolution from IPv4 addresses to IPv6 addresses by increasing the adoption rate and prioritizing IPv6. Hence, Internet Service Providers (ISP's) are using the address transition method called dual-stack to prioritize the IPv6 while supporting the existing IPv4. But this causes more connectivity overhead in dual-stack as compared to the single-stack network due to its preference schema towards the IPv6. The dual-stack network increases the Domain Name System (DNS) resolution and Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) connection time that results in higher page loading time, thereby significantly impacting the user experience. Hence, we propose a novel connectivity mechanism, called NexGen Connectivity Optimizer (NexGenCO), which redesigns the DNS resolution and TCP connection phases to reduce the user-perceived latency in the dual-stack network for mobile devices. Our solution utilizes the IP network diversity to improve connectivity through concurrency and intelligent caching. NexGenCO is successfully implemented in Samsung flagship devices with Android Pie and further evaluated using both simulated and live-air networks. It significantly reduces connectivity overhead and improves page loading time up to 18%.
Highlights
The Generation Networks (NGN) expand wireless services beyond mobile internet to critical communications segments such as edge computing and the Internet of Things (IoT)
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION IN CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT we present the experimental framework designed to compare the performance of NexGenCO against default Android and Happy Eyeballs version 2
We evaluated the performance of NexGenCO by comparing it with the existing algorithms of Android Operating System (OS) and with Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)’s Happy Eyeballs version 2
Summary
The Generation Networks (NGN) expand wireless services beyond mobile internet to critical communications segments such as edge computing and the Internet of Things (IoT). The dual-stack network architecture leads to support both IP versions (IPv4/IPv6) and leaves the implementation to Operating System (OS) for a possible preference schema. Android and iOS-based mobile devices support IPv4/IPv6 domain name resolution and server connection with a preference schema towards IPv6. For dual-stack network-supported Android devices, the DNS lookup and TCP connection establishment take more time compared to single stack (IPv4-only) devices. In case of a broken link or blocked address family (IPv4 or IPv6), multiple TCP connections attempts in sequence cause higher user-perceived delay in dual-stack devices. Our proposal aims to support the co-existence of IPv4 and IPv6, keeping into account the user-perceived latency At this end, NexGenCO relies on concurrency between IPv4 and IPv6 connectivity and intelligent caching of resolved domain names.
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