Abstract
This study improved quality of CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) perovskite films by delaying thermal annealing in the spin coating process and introducing KI and I2 to prepare MAPbI3 films that were low in defects for high-efficiency perovskite solar cells. The influences of delayed thermal annealing time after coating the MAPbI3 perovskite layer on the crystallized perovskite, the morphology control of MAPbI3 films, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cells were investigated. The optimal delayed thermal annealing time was found to be 60 min at room temperature. The effect of KI/I2 additives on the growth of MAPbI3 films and the corresponding optimal delayed thermal annealing time were further investigated. The addition of KI/I2 can improve perovskite crystallinity, and the conductivity and carrier mobility of MAPbI3 films. Under optimized conditions, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of MAPbI3 perovskite solar cells can reach 19.36% under standard AM1.5G solar illumination of 100 mW/cm2.
Highlights
Perovskites, owing to their high absorption coefficient, long carrier diffusion length, high carrier mobility, low exciton binding energy, and controllable energy bandgap [1,2,3], have been extensively explored, especially those doped with organometallic halides (e.g., CH3 NH3 PbI3, MAPbI3 )
It is worth noting that the preparation of large-area perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with high efficiency and stability is critical for industrialization
Due to the strong surface tension and viscosity possessed by DMSO, a surface tension gradient drop occurs during perovskite film formation [23,24], leading to an uneven crystallization rate and excessive crystal grains
Summary
Perovskites, owing to their high absorption coefficient, long carrier diffusion length, high carrier mobility, low exciton binding energy, and controllable energy bandgap [1,2,3], have been extensively explored, especially those doped with organometallic halides (e.g., CH3 NH3 PbI3 , MAPbI3 ). The conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has increased from 3.8% [4] (as reported in 2009) to 25.5% [5] (in 2021). The efficiency of PSCs has improved rapidly, there are still inevitable defects that affect the conversion efficiency and stability of solar cells. The highest efficiency reported is 25.5%, which is still far from the theoretical maximum of 31% [7]. This can be attributed to the unavoidable shallow and deep defects generated during perovskite crystallization.
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