Reduced distinctiveness of event boundaries in older adults with poor memory performance.

Abstract

We experience the world as a continuous flow of information but segment it into discrete events in long-term memory. As a result, younger adults are more likely to recall details of an event when cued with information from the same event (within-event cues) than from the prior event (between-event cues), suggesting that stronger associations are formed within events than across event boundaries. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of age and working memory updating on this within > between cued-recall effect and the consequences for subsequent memory. Across two studies, participants viewed two different films (Hitchcock's Bang You're Dead and BBC's Sherlock). They were later shown clips taken from either the beginning/middle (within-event cues) or end (between-event cues) of a scene and asked to recall what happened next in the film. While the main effect of age was not significant in either experiment, overall memory performance related to the within > between effect in older, but not younger, adults. Low-performing older adults showed less of a difference in cued recall for within- and between-event cues than high performers. In Study 2, better two-back task performance also related to a greater within > between effect in older, but not younger, adults, suggesting that working memory updating relates to the distinctiveness of events stored in long-term memory, at least in older adults. Taken together, these findings suggest that age differences in event memory are not inevitable and may critically depend on one's ability update working memory at event boundaries. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).