Abstract
Abstract Background Indian fish industry produces a staggering amount of waste every year part of which is dumped as landfill leading to pollution. Objective This study aims to extract collagen from fish skin, a major component of this waste, hydrolyze it and use the hydrolysate as emulsifiers to increase the shelf life of food products. Materials and methods Collagen was purified from the skin of Catfish, Mullet and Indian Salmon were characterized through infrared and diffraction studies. The samples were hydrolyzed enzymatically. The hydrolysates were assayed for emulsifying, foam stabilizing and hemolytic properties. Results The samples displayed an electrophoretic and infrared spectral profile corresponding to that of collagen type I. X-ray diffraction patterns revealed the presence of triple helix and traces of phosphate. The hydrolysates (6 kDa) exhibited the highest emulsion at 2.74±0.20 m2/g (for 57.00±0.50 min) and foam stability in the range of 75–78%, respectively. The hydrolysates were able to stabilize drug and food formulations successfully and two of the samples exhibited less than 3% toxicity as determined through hemolytic assay. Conclusion Collagen hydrolysates from fish skin, a common fish industry waste, were found to be bioactive and non-toxic making them suitable replacements for synthetic emulsifiers.
Highlights
India boasts of 7500 km long coastline, including 3 million hectares of reservoirs with access to high yielding fishing zones, making fish processing an exceptionally profitable trading commodity [1]
Collagen hydrolysates from fish skin, a common fish industry waste, were found to be bioactive and non-toxic making them suitable replacements for synthetic emulsifiers
Where At is the absorbance of the test sample, Apc and Anc are the absorbance of positive control (PC) and negative control (NC), respectively
Summary
India boasts of 7500 km long coastline, including 3 million hectares of reservoirs with access to high yielding fishing zones, making fish processing an exceptionally profitable trading commodity [1]. The fish processing industry, as a consequence, ends up generating a huge amount of waste materials, part of which is conventionally utilized to form isinglass and animal/ fish feed [4,5,6]. Collagen can be recycled from the waste, hydrolyzed to release bioactive fragments that can be utilized in emerging industries. Objective: This study aims to extract collagen from fish skin, a major component of this waste, hydrolyze it and use the hydrolysate as emulsifiers to increase the shelf life of food products. The hydrolysates were able to stabilize drug and food formulations successfully and two of the samples exhibited less than 3% toxicity as determined through hemolytic assay. Conclusion: Collagen hydrolysates from fish skin, a common fish industry waste, were found to be bioactive and non-toxic making them suitable replacements for synthetic emulsifiers
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