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Abstract
In this study, a novel Fe3O4-embedded Sterculia gum (SG) crosslinked poly(acrylamide-co-vinyl acetate) hydrogel abbreviated as SG-cl-(PAAm-co-PVAc)@Fe3O4 was synthesized by in situ co-precipitation of Fe3O4 magnetic particles for enrichment of cationic dyes methylene blue (MB), crystal violet (CV) and Brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) from aqueous solutions. The surface morphology and composition of the fabricated hydrogel was analyzed and characterized by Fourier transform-infrared, differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis and vibrating sample magnetometer studies. It was discovered that the highest sorption efficiency of 74.881 ± 1.5, 77.303 ± 1.7 and 67.751 ± 0.8 mg g−1 for MB, CV and BCB dyes respectively was achieved using SG-cl-(PAAm-co-PVAc)@Fe3O4 dose of 20 mg, a solution pH of 9.2, temperature of 303 K and at an initial dye concentration of 100 mg L−1. The pHpzc studies reveals surface of SG-cl-(PAAm-co-PVAc)@Fe3O4 hydrogel is predominantly negative at pH values higher than 3.36. The adsorption behavior for MB, CV and BCB dyes conformed well to Temkin isotherm model and followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. Thermodynamic studies revealed that adsorption process is exothermic (negative ΔH°), feasible and spontaneous with a negative value of entropy (ΔS°). Reusability results demonstrated that the hydrogel maintained adsorption efficiencies of 68.67 ± 1.7%, 70.15 ± 1.2%, and 59.53 ± 1.6% for cationic dyes MB, CV and BCB respectively even after three cycles underscoring its exceptional reusability and structural stability. Overall the study highlights the potential of SG based magnetic hydrogel as a promising solution for eliminating the toxic cationic dyes from water sources.
Published Version
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