Abstract
Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) is one of the most widely used strategies of recover elemental metals, but normally requires a large quantity of organic solvents. To develop a more environmental friendly method, we have developed a novel approach for palladium (Pd) recovery, which requires only the ionic liquid 1-cyanopyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C3CNmim][Cl]) and potassium phosphate (K3PO4). A [C3CNmim][Cl]-based aqueous biphasic system was used for Pd extraction, followed by an electrodeposition directly into the extracted phase. The results indicated that the extraction percentage could be as high as 100% with 5% [C3CNmim][Cl] + 60% K3PO4 at a Pd(II) concentration of 10 mg/L ∼25 mg/L. Pure palladium was obtained after electrodeposition followed by calcination. The nitrile group enhanced the coordination to Pd, but did not significantly affect the electrochemical window. It is expected that Pd can be recovered on an industrial scale using this protocol.
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