Abstract
Black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa L.) by-product from filter tea factory underwent subcritical water extraction (SWE) in order to recover polyphenolics and determine its antioxidant potential. In the current study Box-Behnken design was applied for optimization. Independent variables used in experimental design were temperature (T, 120-200 °C), extraction time (t, 15-35 min) and hydrochloride concentration (c, 0-1.5%). Experimental results were fitted to a second-order polynomial model where multiple regression analysis and analysis of variance were used to determine fitness of the model and optimal conditions. The optimized SWE conditions for maximum responses of total phenols (TP), total flavonoids (TF) and monomeric anthocyanins (MA) contents, and minimum response of IC50 were temperature of 120.4 °C, extraction time of 15.2 min and absence of acidifier. The predicted values of TP, TF, MA and IC50 at these conditions were: 32.8863 mg GAE/g, 23.5164 mg CE/g, 0.5124 mg C3G/g and 0.0055 mg/mL, respectively.
Highlights
Aronia melanocarpa L. is a perennial shrub which originates from North America.[1]
A wide range of ethanol concentration was tested with the result of 50% ethanol being superior regarding yields of total phenols (TP), total flavonoids (TF) and monomeric anthocyanins (MA).[31]
Selection of the most appropriate ethanol concentration was based on the yields of TP, TF and MA
Summary
Aronia melanocarpa L. (commonly known as black chokeberry) is a perennial shrub which originates from North America.[1]. Beside use of aronia berries in medical purposes it is widely exploited in the food industry, either on its own, or mixed with other fruits (e.g. in juices, syrups, jams, wine production, food colouring, dietary supplements).[7,8]
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