Reconstruction Vowels and Diphthongs of Proto Patani Malay Dialect of Narathiwat

This paper aims at identifying and determining Malay dialect phonemes and the syllable structure of Patani Malay Dialect (PMD). The study is also conducted to analyze the phonological processes of PMD. The researcher used The autosegmental theory based on distinctive feature geometry model by Halle (1995), Clement’s representation level of syllable structure (1985) and, Zaharani and Teoh Boon Seongs’ building of syllable structure (2006). A qualitative method was used in this study. The data were collected from the field work where observations and interviewing were carried out. The results show that the PMD can be divided into three vowel phoneme categories. The first vowel phoneme category consists of six vowel phonemes. They are /i/, /e/, /a/, /«/, /o/, /u/. The second vowel phoneme category has two derived vowel phonemes such as [E], [] and the last vowel phoneme category consists of four nasalization vowels such as [u)], [E)], [)] dan [a)]. The study also found that PMD has 28 consonants. They can be grouped into three consonant categories. The first consonant category consists of 20 original consonants such as /p/, /t/, /k/, /b/, /d/, /g/, /c&/, /j&/, /s/, /l/, /r/, /A/, /m/, /n/, /N/, /o/, /w/, /j/, /h/, ///. The second consonant category has four aspiration consonants such as /p h /, /t h /, /k h /, /c h /. The third consonant category has four loan consonants such as /f/, /z/, /x/, /S/. While the syllable structure of PMD is categorised as type III which is a pattern of CV(C) syllable. The study suggests that the phonological processes of PMD identified and analysed based on the autosegmental theory have the characteristics of assimilation, vowels nasalizasion, deletion, glottalisation, monophthongisation and vowels changing.

Background and Purpose: Dialectical studies scrutinised the closeness, kinship or genealogy of dialects derived from a language. Previous scholars divide Malay dialects in Peninsular Malaysia into four main clusters. The first cluster are the Johor-Melaka-Selangor and Central Perak. The second cluster is a group that spreads from the Patani region covering the Patani-Kelantan-Terengganu dialect. The third is the Negeri Sembilan cluster, and the fourth is the Kedah dialect. Generally, the Kedah dialect is divided into seven groups, covering Kedah (including Langkawi), Perlis, Penang and northern Perak Taiping. This study aims to investigate the Malay dialect variants in Langkawi Island via the Historical Linguistics approach and qualitative comparison research design. Methodology: This study utilised the qualitative research method. A total of 23 native speakers of Langkawi Malay dialect participated in this study. These informants were selected using NORM (an acronym for non-mobile, older, rural and males). Data collection mainly used several techniques such as interviews, recordings, and observations. The data were analysed based on the scope of comparative linguistics. Findings: The findings show that there are five characteristics of separated innovation between the Kuah and Air Hangat variants in one group and the Kedawang variant in other groups. Furthermore, there are nine innovations that separate the Langkawi Malay dialect from the Proto Malayik language. This study indicates that the Kedawang variant is an earlier variant apart from the Kuah and Air Hangat variants. Contributions: In addition to further strengthen the research on the various dialects spoken in Malaysia, this study attempts to highlight the complete description of the Kedah dialect varieties. This study also contributes to the science of Malay language variants and Malay Dialectology studies. Keywords: Historical linguistics, reconstruction, innovation, Langkawi Island, Malay dialect. Cite as: Ab. Hamid, N., Shahidi, A. H., Aman, R., Ramli, N., Zakaria, Z., & Iswary, E. (2022). Malay dialect variants in Langkawi: A diachronic perspective analysis. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 7(1), 142-167. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol7iss1pp142-167

Alignment of parallel text is a step for building a machine translation. Parallel text alignment is important because linguistic information can be retrieved from the result of alignment which including bilingual dictionaries and grammars correspondence of each language. In this paper, we propose a hybrid approach for standard Malay-dialectal Malay parallel text alignment. The Malay dialects in Malaysia can be grouped according to the states such as Perak dialect, Kedah dialect and Terengganu dialect. It is important to learn Malay dialects as it is still flourished and widely used in many areas especially for unofficial matters. Kelantanese Malay is used as an example for dialectal Malay in this research. The obtained precision and recall values of the proposed alignment methods are above 90%.

The purpose of this study is to explain the changes and inheritance of PAN vowels into Javanese (BJ) and Minangkabau (BM) languages. The approach used is the Comparative Historical Linguistics (LHK) approach. The data used is 200 swadesh vocabulary lists. The method used for data analysis is comparative historical method. The results of this study indicate that the inheritance of vowel phonemes in Javanese and Minangkabau languages ​​occurs in linear forms and innovative forms. Linear forms in Javanese are found in vowel phonemes /*a/, /*i/, /*e/, /*ə/ and /*u/ and innovative forms in Javanese are found on the vowel phonemes /*a/, /*i/, /*u/. the changes in vocal phonemes that occur in the innovative form occur in vocal phonemes /*a/ which change into vowel phonemes /o/, /ə/, and /e/. The vowel phoneme /*i/ changes to the vowel phoneme /e/ and the vowel phoneme /*u/ changes to the vowel phoneme /o/. For vowel phoneme forms in the Minangkabau language it is also found in linear and innovative forms where in vowel phonemes the linear form is found in the vowels /*a/, /*i/ and /*u/. In the innovative form it is found in the vowel phonemes /*a/, /*ə/, /*u/ where the vocal phonemes /*a/ and the vowel phonemes /*ə/ and /*u/. The changes in vocal phonemes that occur are the vocal phoneme /*a/ which changes to the vocal phoneme /o/, the vocal phoneme /*ə/ changes to the vocal phoneme /a/, and the vocal phoneme /*u/ changes to the vocal phoneme /o/.

The aim of this research is to find out empirical data about inheritance pattern of fisherman in Pandangan Wetan, Kragan, Rembang village. This way, the development of inheritance problem among the Javanish society become to be known. Data collection was carried out by library and field research. The library research has been done as the guidance for the field research and analysis intensified. Subjects of the research are determined by purposive sampling and field data are collected by interview method. There are 18 respondents (ships owner and labor) and 5 key informants (head village, village secretary, TPI leader, youth leader and religious figure) in this research. The data from library and field research were analysed qualitatively. The result of this research indicates that the inheritance pattern of fisherman performed by before and after a person who leaves an inheritance death. There are differencies on the heritage distribution pattern among male and female children on the rich and the poor fisherman. The rich fisherman who has numerous property will give their heritage to male and female children but the poor fisherman tend to give their heritage to female child priority.

Language consists of several language components. Language components are language knowledge, language use, and language changes associated with those components. Language knowledge includes knowledge of phonetics and phonology. Phonetics and phonology are the main understandings in mastering communication using Arabic. In the process of using language, a language is a tool used to convey ideas, thoughts, and desires or desires to others that aim to develop all aspects of life. The research method that the author uses is the Descriptive Qualitative research method. The approach used by the author is the Review Pustaka (Library Research) approach with data collection techniques using the Literature Study method. Phonology comes from the Greek word phono and the word logos. Phono means sound or sound, and the emblem implies science. Phonology is divided into 2 (two), namely phonetics and phonemes. Phonetics is the science of sound that talks explicitly about sound problems without paying attention to the function and meaning of sound. Phonemes are the study of sounds that study parts of the little unity of a language. Vowels in Arabic phonemes are commonly called crazy. Vowel types are the vowel phoneme Fathah, the vowel phoneme Kasrah, and the vowel phoneme Dhommah. A voice or vowel is a language sound that comes from the vibration of a person's throat vocal cords. The difference in the variety of sounds is the long and short verbal aspects.

The purpose of this study is to knowwhether using Show and tell method in teaching can improve the students’ vocabulary mastery or not. This technique can improve and increase student’s ability to learn the target language and make them enjoy in the teaching learning process. It supposes to motivate students to learn English actively by using show and tell method. Students also are encouraged to get long memorizing of the words and their meaning. The method that is used in this research is the classroom action research.For getting the needed data, the writer applies the library and field research. The library research is applied based on the needs of the books as the sources of theories and informations, and the field research is applied based on the need of data from the field, in this case from the SMP Negeri 1 Batang Natal. And as the instrument for collecting the data the writer uses the written test. To the result of implementing classroom action research inthe eleventh grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Batang Natal in 2020 - 2021 academic year, it showed a great improvement in which the mean score of students in pretest is 61.03, whereas in post test 1 is 68.60 and in post test 2 are80.37. Besides, the students’ score percentage in the pretest is 8.82%, from posttest 1 is 31.69 % and 82.35 % from post test of students who have passed the KKM.Next, the result of the students’ score improvement from pretest to posttest 1is 8.82 %, and from pretest to posttest 2 is 31.69%. The percentage got from the result of post – test 2 has achieved the criteria of successSo that, it can be concluded thatthere is a significant improvement of the students’ vocabulary mastery after they are taught by using Show and tell method”.And it can be stated that the formulated hypothesis is accepted.

This research is meant to examine the foundations activities, especially the ones concerning with the implementation of the adjustment of the foundation’s statutes and their constraints as well as their entries which are in accordance with the aims and purposes of the foundations as written in the statutes. The answers of the problems were taken from the library and field research. The library research was done by perusing primary, secondary, and tertiary law materials with documents as their instruments. The field research was conducted by distributing questionnaire to the staff of the foundations and interviewing Notaries as the resource persons. After the research was done and conclusion was taken, it was founded that; the adjustment of the statutes of foundations has only been implemented by 27% of the respondents. The constraints of the adjustments of statutes of the foundations include the internal constraints, covering: the poor understanding upon the statutes, financial matters, the reluctance of the committee to the adjustments they should make, and the external constraints, which include the incomplete regulations, and the poor support from the involved parties. The foundations which establish Universities and Hospitals, or which hold Art Performing do not comply with Article 3 about foundation; whereas Foundations which run enterprises as indicated by Chapter 3 jo. Chapter 8 of the statutes of the foundations does not exceed 33.33 %.

ABSTRACT: This is the research explaining the legal status of and the existence of the Islamic Law Court in national judicial system, the authority of Aceh Government in enacting the local law derived from Islamic rules as a regulation for the court in acting in national judicial system. The rules would be a guidance for the court in fulfilling the justice for Moslems in Aceh thus the court would be more effective in holding its functions and the constraints faced by the Aceh Government and the court in implementing Islamic Law as a concrete action to fulfil the needed justice in society. The data are gathered by conducting library research and interview with the Islamic Law experts and the experts of criminal justice procedure and civil procedure law which then the data are discussed through. In order to complete the data gathered from library research, field research is also conducted. The gathered data both from library and field research is analysed by qualitative normative approach then described descriptively. The findings shows that the Act Number 11, 2006 regarding Aceh Governance has strengthened the legal status and the existence of the court as an Islamic Judicial Court inAceh Province that is apart of the national judicial system. Unlike, the Act Number 18, 2001, the authority that has been conferred to enact substantive and procedural law of the court has not been applied seriously even this is not priority. Therefore, it has not been able to give law certainty and protect the society from undue law process. The main obstacles faced the practitioners are an unavailable of process law, especially criminal Islamic process law. The Authority o f Aceh Government Towards t he Conduct o f Mahkamah Syar’iyah i n National Judicial System (A Study o n a Judicial Authority i n t he Context o f Special Autonomy)

This research aimed to find the connection between the trends in the Freedom of Learning Program and computational thinking (CT) practices to see if the Freedom of Learning Program could be used for developing students’ CT Skill. The other goals of this research are to analyze how these trends and CT practices apply in a mathematics learning activity. The methods used in this research are the combination of the library and field research. This research also using a qualitative approach, and the results produced are descriptive data. Library research used to find the CT practices that could be applied in the nine trends in Freedom of Learning. Field research is used to analyze a student’s mathematics learning activity to find CT practices and the trends that appear in the learning activity. The results of this research are (1) the CT practices could be applied in every trend with the students as the object of it, (2) in the learning activity every CT Practices (abstraction, decomposition, debugging, and patterns) appear, (3) Some trends of Freedom of Learning Program appear in the learning activity like the learning activity could be done anytime and anywhere, personalized learning, free choice, and project-based learning.

This is a survey research that was conducted to get empirical data and analyze the effects of pronunciation mastery and critical thinking towards EFL students’ speaking skill at IPB Cirebon. It means there are two independent variables and one dependent variable; variable X1 as the first independent variable (pronunciation mastery) and variable X2 as the second independent variable (critical thinking) which have interconnected and influenced the variable Y as the dependant variable (EFL students’ speaking skill). This research employed a correlational technique that was done through multiple regression analysis. In processing the data, the SPSS program version 21 was applied to describe the data, to conduct the normality, linearity and homogeneity tests, and to test the hypothesis. Data collecting techniques were done through library and field researches. The library research was from theses of other researchers, reference books, dictionaries, articles, journals, and websites. The field research was done at IPB Cirebon by using questionnaire of pronunciation mastery (20 items), critical thinking (20 items), and speaking skill test (10 items). The results of the study identified that 1) there are any significant effects of pronunciation mastery and critical thinking jointly towards EFL students’ speaking skill that is proved by the value of Sig.= 0.000 and Fobserved = 16.147 > Ftable = 3.10). 2) There is a significant effect of pronunciation mastery towards EFL students’ speaking skill that is proved by the value of Sig.= 0.019 and tobserved = 2.394 > Ttable = 1.98). 3) There is a significant effect of critical thinking towards EFL students’ speaking skill that is proved by the value of Sig. = 0.000 and tobserved = 5.068 > ttable = 1.98).

This research conducted in BAPEDAL aceh, the purpose of this research is to figure out that the aplication of accountability report and work institution of government has done well.The result of data collection is got through library and field research. Library research is done by using some literature that it has relation with the research topic. While field research is the way to collect the data that it also has relation with problem discussion.Generally, the applying of primary job and bapedal function in Aceh has applied well. The strategic of target decision in 2010 has succed to goal by the level of percentation result average 98,53%.   The arrangement of aplication LAKIP in BAPEDAL Aceh in 2010 based on Inpres No.7 in 1999 and then it is arranged in ministry country role of efficiency state apparatus and bureaucracy of reformation no. 2009 in 2010 about guidelines of arrangement for work and accountability report of institution government that it is the basic of arranging and conveying LAKIP government.

This research aims to analyze KODEKGI values from the perspective of Qur'anic interpretation, as well as to analyze the implementation of KODEKGI service values from a Qur'anic perspective on Muslim dentists. This research uses a qualitative method by combining two research locations, library research and field research. Primary data were generated from field research through direct interviews with dentist respondents through sampling methods, as well as a literature study of three tafsir books in the style of al-'adabi al-ijma'i and Tafsir Tahlili of the Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia. While the secondary data is generated from the research library. The data analysis technique that the author used in this research is the content analysis technique. The two formulations produced by this study are: first, ten articles related to services to patients in KODEKGI have values that are in line with the Qur'an. Secondly, a review of Muslim doctors' services against KODEKGI shows their original intention was to abide by the existing rules. There are Qur'anic values in KODEKGI triggering Muslim dentist respondents to run KODEKGI to worship Allah.

This article examines the existence of a customary tradition carried out by the indigenous people of Lampung Pepadun Megou Pak Tulang Bawang, this tradition is about Walimatul Urs by Ibal Serbou custom. The purpose of writing is to analyse the view of Islamic law on the implementation of Walimatul Urs in the custom of Ibal Serbou Lampung Pepadun Megou Pak Tulang Bawang, and its relevance to Islamic family law. The method used is qualitative, the type of research is Field Research (field research) supported by Library Research. The approach used is a historical approach, the object of research is carried out in Tulang Bawang Regency, data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation. Interview informants were conducted directly to the community and traditional leaders of Lampung Pepadun Megou Pak Tulang Bawang, data analysis techniques inductively with Mashlahah theory. The results of the analysis show that the implementation of Walimatul Urs activities in the customary Ibal Serbou Lampung Pepadun Megou Pak Tulang Bawang involves stages such as Pineng (engagement), pengaku'an (release), and wedding reception. This process requires the participation of the families and communities of the four clans, the Walimatul Urs in the Ibal Serbou custom requires a lot of money and a long time. The implementation of Walimatul Urs in Ibal Serbou custom is not in accordance with Islamic Walimatul Urs activities and is not relevant to Islamic family law.

Previous articleNext article No AccessA Review ArticleThe Past Is More than Prologue: Special Collections Assume Central Role in Historical Research and Redefine Research Library Collections Celebrating Research: Rare and Special Collections from the Membership of the Association of Research Libraries. Edited by Philip N. Cronenwett, Kevin Osborn, and Samuel A. Streit. Washington, DC: Association of Research Libraries, 2007. Pp. 312. $135 (paper) ($115 for ARL member libraries). ISBN 978‐1‐59407‐769‐2.Paul S. KodaPaul S. Koda1. Librarian for Special Collections and Archives (retired), George Mason University. Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Library Quarterly Volume 78, Number 4October 2008 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/591209 Views: 30Total views on this site © 2008 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.