Reconstructing Social Assistance Distribution: Tafsir Maqashidi on Quranic Verses of Distributive Justice

Income per capita is the average annual income of the community. Community welfare can be viewed through the per capita income of the community in a certain area. From a macroeconomic point of view, investment is able to drive growth rather than people's per capita income. This is done by adding gross fixed capital in a region until it reaches the stage of full employment. In addition to investment, zakat from an Islamic economic perspective is also felt to be able to increase people's welfare. Zakat is a socio-economic instrument that creates prosperity through an equal distribution process. Central Java as one of the provinces on the island of Java has the lowest per capita income on the island of Java. This research was conducted to review the effect of investment and zakat in Central Java on income per capita. Through a time series research process that takes 2020-2021 and also a cross section with a sample of 32 cities and regencies, the aim is to review the effect of zakat and investment on each region in Central Java. Apart from the zakat variable through the micro dimension of NZI and the macro dimension of NZI and investment, this research uses a control variable in the form of government social assistance (Bansos) originating from the APBD of each region in Central Java. The results of this study indicate that simultaneously the investment variable, zakat which is divided into the micro dimension NZI and the macro dimension NZI, and also the control variable in the form of social assistance has a significant influence on income per capita in Central Java in 2020-2021. From this, investment and zakat are considered quite effective in increasing the per capita income of the people of Central Java. Keywords: IZN Micro Dimensions, IZN Macro Dimensions, Investment, Social Funding.

The relevance of the research topic lies in the fact that social assistance is an important component of guarantees of the social security of citizens’ social rights. The article reveals the main task of the state social policy, which is to achieve the well-being of an individual and society as a whole through fair and equal access for all citizens to state social assistance. The article is devoted to the analysis of the goals of providing social assistance to persons in need, enshrined in the Federal Law of 17.07.1999 N 178-FZ "On State Social Assistance". The purpose of the study is to analyze and clarify the objectives set out in the Law on Social Assistance, to define the legal principles of state social assistance and to disclose their content. Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the research is predetermined by the set goal and objectives, as well as by the idea of the existence of universal, general scientific, private scientific and special legal research methods. The paper presents an analysis of legislation, practical experience of its use and scientific doctrine on the goals and principles of social protection and social assistance. The article reveals the concept of state social assistance; the opinions of scientists on the main goals of social protection are given. To conduct a full-fledged analysis, the subject composition of recipients of state social assistance is considered. Such subjects include low-income families, low-income citizens living alone and other categories of citizens who, for reasons beyond their control, have an average per capita income below the subsistence minimum. The result of the study. The authors propose their own formulations of the goals of social protection, assess the implementation of the goals in practice provided for in the legislation, identify the causes of emerging problems with the provision of social assistance, among which the lack of clear and concise rules for the provision of social assistance stands out. These will contribute to the development of legislation. Based on the analysis of legislation and law enforcement practice, their own principles have been put forward. These include targeting, accessibility, humanity, voluntariness, targeted use of budget funds, clarity, and equality. The article reveals the content of each of these principles. The practical and theoretical significance of the study is manifested in the fact that the improvement of legislation on social assistance should take place taking into account the goals and principles discussed in the article, which should be reflected in regulatory legal acts. It will make it possible to create a more effective system of social support for citizens and will contribute to improving the quality of life of the population. Conclusions. It is concluded that it is necessary to clarify the objectives specified in the Law, as well as to supplement it with an article containing the legal principles on which the legislation on social assistance will be based.

This study aims to identify and analyze strategies for strengthening social safety nets for the people of Pangkalpinang City in the Covid-19 Pandemic Era. Pangkalpinang City is an area with a fairly dense population. With a population of 218,569 people. Meanwhile, the number of poor people in 2020 is 9.40 thousand people. With a fairly large number of poor people and the current situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Pangkalpinang City Government must be prepared to face various threats that endanger the national economy, especially the economy of the people of Pangkalpinang City. One of the strategies issued by the Government is through the Social Safety Net which aims to maintain people's purchasing power which is manifested in the form of social assistance. The social safety net provided by the Government for the community consists of 2 (two) types, namely cash deposit assistance (BST) and basic food programs (non-cash). The basic food program is the provision of social assistance to poor and vulnerable families to reduce the burden of meeting food needs. Meanwhile, cash deposit assistance is social assistance provided in the form of cash, which is disbursed through the post office. The recipients of this social assistance are people who are registered as poor people. The amount of social assistance received by the community is Rp. 600,000 for 3 months and Rp. 200,000. people who receive social assistance can only choose one program. The data collection technique was carried out using the literature review method. Meanwhile, the data analysis technique is carried out with the stages of collecting, reducing, displaying and drawing conclusions.

<p>One of the government's strategies for overcoming poverty is to reduce the burden of public expenditure, which is realized in the form of social assistance. The government's social welfare policy in the form of social assistance is something that is truly phenomenal and is always eagerly awaited by the recipients. One of the effects is to provide a sense of security and feel like you are in a comfort zone, in other words, dependence on social assistance. But there are beneficiaries who are dissatisfied with their situation, they want positive changes and not to be recipients of social assistance forever. They made conscious changes by empowering their group of fellow recipients of the Family Hope Program's social assistance. This research is field research in the form of a case study located in Temanggung Regency with the research object being a Joint Business Group which carries out the establishment and initial capital independently, namely from the results of setting aside some of the social assistance money they receive. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method, while data is obtained from observations, interviews and documentation studies from related sources. This article tries to review the theme with Anthony Giddens' structuration theory, which states that all social action requires agents and structures where agents and structures cannot be separated from each other because they are dual. This also happens to Joint Business Groups as agents and government policies as structures, both of which are interrelated and influence each other.</p><p> </p>

This study aims to analyze the People's Housing Savings (Tapera) policy from the perspective of Islamic economics, with a focus on social welfare and distribution justice. Islamic economics puts forward the principles of social welfare and distributive justice, which emphasizes the fulfillment of basic needs, spiritual and moral well-being, and the fair and equitable distribution of wealth. In this context, this study evaluates how Tapera's policies can be integrated with Islamic economic principles to achieve these goals. The research method used is a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach. The data was collected through literature studies, analysis of policy documents, and in-depth interviews with Islamic economics and housing experts. The analysis was conducted to identify the suitability of Tapera's policies with Islamic economic principles and assess their impact on social welfare and wealth distribution. The results of the study show that Tapera's policies are in line with several Islamic economic principles, such as zakat, alms, and qard al-hasan, which aim to reduce economic disparities and promote social welfare. Tapera has succeeded in providing better access to housing for low- and middle-income people, improving their quality of life. However, the study also found some challenges, including limitations in fair distribution mechanisms and the need for greater transparency and accountability in fund management. Tapera's policy has great potential to support social welfare and distribution justice in accordance with Islamic economic principles. However, further efforts are needed to optimize the implementation of this policy to be more effective and efficient. This research provides practical recommendations for policymakers to strengthen aspects that are in line with Islamic values and overcome existing obstacles, with the ultimate goal of creating a more just and prosperous society

Social assistance--cash and in-kind benefits provided to those deemed to be without the means for an adequate level of subsistence--has been a point of constant comparison between the United States and Canada. These comparisons have generally tended to point to Canada's generosity in contrast to the meager levels of assistance provided in the United States.(1) Not only is Canada's social safety net widely accepted as more generous than that found in the U.S., but Canadians are also generally thought to be more favorable toward social welfare per se than Americans.(2) Without debating the accuracy of such generalizations qua generalizations, they overlook important variations both among states and among provinces. In doing so, they also overstate the differences between the American states as a group and the Canadian provinces as a group. Broadly stated, Canadian provinces are far stronger political actors than are the American states. However, both states and provinces exercise important responsibilities in the provision of social assistance. In policy areas where states and provinces are significant actors, it is logically necessary, prior to making generalizations about national differences, to examine whether there is in fact some significant level of national clustering--whether policies in the various states tend to look more like policy in other states than in the Canadian provinces and vice versa. In the absence of strong consistent national clustering among subnational jurisdictions, differences in public policies across provinces and states cannot be meaningfully explained by reference to national or system-level characteristics.(3) An examination of social assistance provision in the states and provinces reveals that rather than one country being consistently more generous than the other, an alternative characterization emphasizes the continuing lack of strong national clustering. This paper, therefore, illustrates the need for considerable caution in overemphasizing national-level differences between social assistance provision in the two countries. Central Government Programs for Social Assistance Provision of social assistance by states and provinces has taken place within each country's respective federal framework and the differences in these frameworks have been significant. However, distinctive federal arrangements do not constitute presumptive evidence of national clustering among states and provinces in terms of how social assistance is actually provided. Under both federal systems, states and provinces continue to retain considerable latitude to provide assistance in the manner they see fit. This flexibility contributes to making careful consideration of national clustering among states and provinces necessary. In both the United States and Canada, jurisdiction over the provision of last resort aid to the needy is granted to the states and provinces. Provinces have jurisdiction over social assistance by virtue of the constitutional provision granting them exclusive jurisdiction over hospitals, asylums, charities and eleemosynary institutions [S.97, 7] which was buttressed by powers over `all matters of a merely local or private nature' (S.92, 16).(4) In the U.S., social assistance falls under the range of activities not expressly assigned to the federal government by the constitution and thus remains the prerogative of the states. Despite these similarities, there are significant differences between the jurisdictional frameworks in the two countries as they have evolved. While the federal governments in both countries have asserted their constitutional capacity to provide income-tested benefits directly to individuals by virtue of the federal spending power, the two countries differ regarding means-tested (income and asset-tested) benefits. Direct federal provision of means-tested benefits existing in the U.S. (for example, Supplemental Security Income for the aged, blind, and disabled) would not be constitutionally legal in Canada. …

The research focused on social welfare schemes and Social Work. The methodology was qualitative comprising secondary sources of research. The theoretical perspective was the Devereux and Sabates-Wheeler (2004) transformative social protection theory. The lack of social welfare schemes led to inability of the public and most especially the most vulnerable Nigerians to get any form of social assistance. This led to extreme poverty which triggered insecurity and violent crimes across the country. The lack of budgetary allocation to fund social welfare schemes impeded the ability of government to recruit Social Workers to fulfil their professional duties of child protection, upholding human rights abuses of vulnerable Nigerians, providing services in public and private organisations. The Findings: the lack of social welfare is an impediment to effective social work practice and tremendous social suffering among the Nigerian public. Conclusion: Government should consider enacting laws to make the country a social welfare state so as to pay social welfare benefits to the unemployed and the most vulnerable Nigerians. Recommendations: Laws should be enforced to punish violators of human rights. Religious institutions should be encouraged to build retirement homes for their members so as to ease the housing needs of the aged population.

This research discusses the application of the principles of justice in wealth distribution in the context of Islamic economics, focusing on instruments such as zakat, sadaqah, and the prohibition of usury. These principles are recognized as key foundations in creating social justice and reducing economic disparities. However, despite their great potential theoretically, the application of these principles in practice often faces various challenges. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach through a literature review to evaluate the extent to which these principles of justice are applied in the real world and to identify factors that hinder their implementation. The findings indicate a gap between theory and practice in the application of the principles of equity in wealth distribution. The main challenges faced include the lack of adequate regulation, inefficiencies in the management of zakat and alms, as well as the dominance of the conventional financial system which is not always in line with sharia principles. In addition, there are still differences in the understanding and application of these principles across different economic and social contexts, which complicates efforts to realize equitable wealth distribution. The implications of these findings emphasize the need for more effective regulatory and governance reforms to support the implementation of equity principles in Islamic economics. Policymakers are expected to develop a stronger legal framework, as well as improve Islamic financial literacy among the public. For economic actors, especially Islamic financial institutions, there is a need for innovation in financial products and services that truly reflect the spirit of social justice and not only focus on formal compliance with sharia. Thus, this study provides recommendations that can be used as a reference to improve the effectiveness of the application of the principles of justice in wealth distribution, in order to achieve broader and more sustainable social welfare. Keywords: Principles Equality, Distribution of Wealth Rights, Islamic Economics Abstrak Penelitian ini membahas penerapan prinsip-prinsip keadilan dalam distribusi kekayaan dalam konteks ekonomi Islam, dengan fokus pada instrumen seperti zakat, sedekah, dan larangan riba. Prinsip-prinsip ini diakui sebagai fondasi utama dalam menciptakan keadilan sosial dan mengurangi kesenjangan ekonomi. Namun, meskipun secara teoritis memiliki potensi besar, penerapan prinsip-prinsip ini dalam praktik sering kali menghadapi berbagai tantangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif melalui kajian pustaka (literature review) untuk mengevaluasi sejauh mana prinsip-prinsip keadilan tersebut diterapkan di dunia nyata dan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang menghambat implementasinya. Hasil temuan menunjukkan adanya kesenjangan antara teori dan praktik dalam penerapan prinsip-prinsip keadilan dalam distribusi kekayaan. Tantangan utama yang dihadapi termasuk kurangnya regulasi yang memadai, inefisiensi dalam pengelolaan zakat dan sedekah, serta dominasi sistem keuangan konvensional yang tidak selalu sejalan dengan prinsip-prinsip syariah. Selain itu, masih terdapat perbedaan pemahaman dan penerapan prinsip-prinsip ini di berbagai konteks ekonomi dan sosial, yang memperumit upaya untuk mewujudkan distribusi kekayaan yang adil. Implikasi dari temuan ini menekankan perlunya reformasi regulasi dan tata kelola yang lebih efektif untuk mendukung penerapan prinsip-prinsip keadilan dalam ekonomi Islam. Pembuat kebijakan diharapkan dapat mengembangkan kerangka hukum yang lebih kuat, serta meningkatkan literasi keuangan syariah di kalangan masyarakat. Bagi pelaku ekonomi, terutama lembaga keuangan Islam, diperlukan inovasi dalam produk dan layanan keuangan yang benar-benar mencerminkan semangat keadilan sosial dan tidak hanya terpaku pada kepatuhan formal terhadap syariah. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini memberikan rekomendasi yang dapat digunakan sebagai acuan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas penerapan prinsip-prinsip keadilan dalam distribusi kekayaan, guna mencapai kesejahteraan sosial yang lebih luas dan berkelanjutan. Kata Kunci: Prinsip Kesetaraan, Distribusi Hak Kekayaan, Ekonomi Islam

Constitutional right to social security

Liberals have long been committed to two axiomatic claims about freedom: that the exercise of control within one’s private space epitomizes individual liberty, and that each person must be free to define and pursue the good life for themselves. Together, these claims form a conception of freedom as autonomy (from the Greek Auto-Nomos, giving law to oneself), conceptualized as a personal space in which each can act according to one’s own view of the good, free from external constraint. Liberal theories of justice have embraced such claims about autonomy, defining justice in terms that recognize sovereignty within one’s personal space and protect individuality. John Rawls’s primary goods, 1 Ronald Dworkin’s resources, 2 and Amartya Sen’s capabilities approach 3 all focus on instrumental goods within a metric of egalitarian justice, allowing individuals full control over their personal spaces of autonomy while maintaining the bases for interpersonal comparison that distributive justice requires. This spatial conception of liberty has dominated liberal thought at least since J. S. Mill’s observation that “the only freedom which deserves the name, is that of pursuing our own good in our own way, so long as we do not attempt to deprive others of theirs, or impede their efforts to attain it.” 4 Here, Mill not only defines individual liberty in terms of autonomy, but he also specifies its limits: each of us should be free to pursue our own ideas about the good within our own space, bounded only by the space of others, where our acts infringe upon their autonomy. 5 If this autonomous space is to play the role that Mill and other liberals have long assumed, it must be sufficiently large to allow for a wide range of actions and choices, allowing each to express their individuality without encountering the limits that Mill mentions and the constraints on action that they entail. If almost everything that I do impedes others from pursuing the good in their way—harming them directly, limiting their opportunities, or otherwise infringing upon their space—then my personal space becomes vanishingly small, and my liberty but a trivial abstraction. This spatial conception of freedom is challenged by analyses emerging from the ecological crisis, which offer competing accounts of personal space with quite different implications for the exercise of individual autonomy. 6 Given ecological limits, aggregate ecological space 7 (i.e., life-supporting natural resource-based goods and services, conceived in spatial terms) is finite and threatened by current patterns of over-appropriation, yielding imperatives to fairly allocate that space among various claimants, present and future. Uninhibited autonomy, as construed above, is not sustainable, justifying significant limits on both personal space and

Social assistance is one of the central and regional government programs aimed at improving community welfare, so procedures for implementing social assistance programs must be transparent and consistent in order to achieve community independence. The purpose of this research is to provide an overview of organizational communication in order to improve the welfare of village communities through the provision of social assistance in South Konawe Regency. A qualitative research approach will be used to obtain constructive analysis and supporting data regarding policies implemented by the Social Service regarding the provision of social assistance. The research findings revealed four types of communication used to achieve community welfare goals: Downward communication, Upward communication, Horizontal communication, and Interline communication. These four methods have proven to be effective in distributing social assistance in South Konawe Regency, preventing all types of obstacles such as duplication and providing social assistance that is not intended.

The United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948 asserts that social security is an inalienable human right. Realizing this human right is often considered, simply, as a matter of political will and of administrative aptitude. In these terms, the progressive realization of the human right to social security may be viewed as the outcome of an appropriately‐resourced political and bureaucratic process. Such a perspective, however, is clearly inadequate. Characteristically, bureaucracies are designed to cater to the needs of all, based on common procedures and common deliverables designed for the “typical” case. Yet such approaches often lack the necessary flexibility and resources to make a distinction between individuals, which acknowledge their respective differences and needs. To meet the international commitment to progressively realize universal social security coverage, social security administrations are key actors. However imperative this role may be, if the pursuit of this commitment fails to respect people's differences this will put at risk the meeting in full of what is envisioned by the human right to social security. To this end, this special issue aims to foster an understanding that the goal of universal coverage must necessarily also respect and respond to the individual needs of each and every person.

Gender Equality as EU Strategy

This study aims to analyze the role of sharia economics in improving social and economic welfare through the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. This method is carried out in a structured manner to collect, evaluate, and analyze literature relevant to the research topic. The first stage is to formulate research questions regarding the contribution of sharia economics in poverty alleviation and financial inclusion. Literature was collected from scientific databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, and ScienceDirect with keywords related to sharia economics and social welfare. Literature selection is carried out based on inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure quality and relevance. The data obtained was analyzed using a thematic analysis method, grouping the findings into main themes such as the role of zakat, Islamic banking, and the impact of waqf on the community's economy. Validation is carried out using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool to ensure the quality of the articles analyzed. The results of the study show that sharia economics plays a significant role in improving social and economic welfare with the principles of social justice, sustainability, and social responsibility. Instruments such as zakat, waqf, infaq, and alms contribute greatly to community empowerment and the reduction of economic disparities. However, the development of the Islamic economy still faces challenges such as lack of understanding, inadequate regulations, and competition with conventional economic systems. Therefore, education, regulatory improvement, and integration with the global market are needed to maximize the benefits of the sharia economy.

It is indicated that the Constitution enshrines as a universal right «everyone has the right to social security», which protects people in situations of lack or reduction of means of subsistence or work capacity. The social security system requires reform. The reform should be aimed at creating accessible, transparent and accountable systems of social protection in united territorial communities that use local budgets to eliminate the problem of vulnerability of the local population. It is necessary to further strengthen the subnational revenue base, in particular through increased flexibility in the development of local taxation policies. Greater accessibility will stimulate the traditionally weak demand for social services. Ukraine’s social protection system is in need of reform to address the low coverage and access to remedies for the poorest and most socially excluded, the poor quality of social services and the lack of gender mainstreaming in social services, and the growing funding gap. Social protection is a human right as defined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. States have an obligation to ensure the full realisation of social protection, using the maximum of their available resources. Risks traditionally covered by existing social protection systems are covered by systems that are organised differently depending on the country: health or sickness; disability, whether from birth or acquired at work or outside work, or by age; old age; maternity and family; unemployment. The conditions for exercising the right to social protection in relation to the different risks covered can vary greatly depending on the design of the respective system. The Constitution and laws of Ukraine identify certain categories of Ukrainian citizens who require additional guarantees of social protection from the state. The decisions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine have stated that benefits, compensation and guarantees are a form of social assistance and a necessary component of the constitutional right to an adequate standard of living, and therefore, narrowing the content and scope of this right by adopting new laws or amending existing laws under Article 22 of the Constitution of Ukraine is not allowed. One of the elements of the rule of law is the principle of proportionality, which in the area of social protection means, in particular, that measures provided for in legal acts should be aimed at achieving a legitimate goal and should be proportionate to it.