Abstract
An inactivated Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) vaccine, which induces neutralizing antibodies, has been used for many years in Japan. In the present study, the JEV prM-E protein gene was cloned, inserted at the P/M junction of measles AIK-C cDNA, and an infectious virus was recovered. The JEV E protein was expressed in B95a cells infected with the recombinant virus. Cotton rats were inoculated with recombinant virus. Measles PA antibodies were detected three weeks after immunization. Neutralizing antibodies against JEV developed one week after inoculation, and EIA antibodies were detected three weeks after immunization. The measles AIK-C-based recombinant virus simultaneously induced measles and JEV immune responses, and may be a candidate for infant vaccines. Therefore, the present strategy of recombinant viruses based on a measles vaccine vector would be applicable to the platform for vaccine development.
Highlights
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a member of the Flaviviridae family that is transmitted through the bites of Culex tritaeniorhynchus infected with JEV, and is a potential cause of acute encephalitis in humans
2,000 deaths caused by JEV infection were reported in Japan 1950, this number was reduced by the introduction of an inactivated JEV vaccine for children
Seven week-old female cotton rats were purchased from Harlan Laboratories, USA, and were infected with recombinant virus MVAIK/JEVprM-E through intra-muscular route and serum samples were obtained to examine the development of antibodies against measles virus and JEV
Summary
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a member of the Flaviviridae family that is transmitted through the bites of Culex tritaeniorhynchus infected with JEV, and is a potential cause of acute encephalitis in humans. The genome region of JEV prM-E in the 17D strain was replaced with that of the JEV SA 14-14-2 strain [10] This chimeric JEV vaccine (IMOJEV) was shown to induce sufficient immunogenicity, similar to Vero-cell derived inactivated vaccines, in clinical trials, with the most attractive benefit being its efficacy after a single dose immunization [12]. The recombinant AIK-C stain expressing the RSV F or G protein induced neutralizing antibodies, while those expressing the F, NP, or M-2 protein induced cell-mediated immunity, thereby providing protective immunity [13, 14] Following this line of AIK-C measles vaccine vector, a recombinant measles virus expressing the JEV antigen was investigated, using cotton rats because they are only small experimental animals susceptive to measles virus as shown in previous reports [13, 14]. The characteristics of infectious virus were the investigated for the JEV vaccine candidate
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