Abstract
Egg activation is a crucial step that comprises the release of the egg from meiotic arrest, pronuclear formation, and subsequent embryo development. Eggs are activated by repetitive increases in the intracellular concentration of free Ca2+, [Ca2+]i oscillations, which are triggered by the introduction during fertilization of the sperm-specific phospholipase C zeta 1 (PLCZ1). Recent studies have shown that sperm from patients lacking expression of PLCZ1 or expressing mutant forms of PLCZ1 fail to induce [Ca2+]i oscillations or egg activation.
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