Reclaiming, remembering, and reinventing the land in Lorraine Gilbert’s photography

This research was conducted in the village of Kafr Majar, Desouk district, with the aim of clarifying the manifestations of climate change from the farmer's perspective in the research area, identifying the relative importance of these dimensions, and finally to identify the relationship between those aspects and some independent variables. The village of Kafr Majar was chosen randomly from the villages of Desouk district, and the owners of the village were (300) farmers. A total of 168 farmers were sampled. The data were collected using a questionnaire form through a personal interview with the sample members after conducting the initial test on it, during January 2020, and iterations, arithmetic mean, weighted average, correlation and regression analyze, were used to analyze and present the data. The most important results that were reached were identifying the relative importance of the three dimensions of the manifestations of climate change arranged according to the weighted average as follows: The dimension of the manifestations of climate change related to water is in the first, followed by the dimension of the aspects related to the environment in the second, and finally the dimension related to the aspects related to agricultural land and crop quality. The nine independent variables studied together explain (47.9%) of the variation in the manifestations of climate change from the perspective of the farmers, and that the most contributing variables in explaining the variation in the manifestations of climate change are achievement motivation, followed by the attitude toward change, then the educational status of the respondent.

Climate change has potential to substantially affect the availability and quality of snow and thus has potential to affect snow-dependent winter recreation activities. Research has shown that participants in these recreation activities are adapting to climatically changed conditions and are likely to continue to adapt in the future. This study explores these issues as they apply to snowmobiling in Vermont, identifying a suite of climate change manifestations, investigating their salience to the snowmobiler recreation experience, and assessing how these manifestations may impact the snowmobile participation rate and quality of experience. Climate change manifestations are informed by climate change models, helping to define the future conditions and supply of snowmobiling opportunities. Social science research on how snowmobilers may adapt to these changing conditions helps define the future demand for snowmobiling. We conducted an online survey of snowmobilers in Vermont, asking respondents if and how they would change the amount of snowmobiling they do in response to climate change manifestations that may impact snowmobiling conditions. Study findings suggest that the amount of snowmobiling in Vermont is already declining and that these declines are likely to become more substantial. For example, 44.7% of respondents have noticed declines in the length of the winter season during which there is enough snow to snowmobile, and 30.7% of respondents have decreased their amount of snowmobiling in response. Moreover, study data define the future relationship between climate-related changes in snowmobiling conditions and changes in amount of snowmobiling. For example, with 150 days of adequate snow cover, the amount of snowmobiling will increase 36.9%, but with 25 days of adequate snow cover, the amount of snowmobiling will decrease 44%. The length of season threshold for participation in snowmobiling is estimated at 79 days; more than 79 days will cause snowmobiling to increase from current levels, and fewer than 79 days will cause a decrease. Given the climate change sensitivity of snowmobiling found in this study, along with the predictions of climate models for Vermont, snowmobiling may ultimately be unsustainable. This will decrease the benefits of snowmobiling, including the enjoyment of locals and tourists who participate in the sport, the economic contributions, and the culture of the state. Substitution of other winter season recreation activities is a potential adaptation to declining opportunities for snowmobiling. Subscribe to JPRA

Climate change manifestations and adaptations in cocoa farms: Perspectives of smallholder farmers in the Adansi South District, Ghana

Global change science is a new research field, and one of the most important topics of which is the climate change study, to which great importance is attached by all governments of the world, and climatic abrupt change is one of manifestations of climate changes. Nowadays, research of climate change is mainly based on climatic proxy using traditional statistical method. However, climatic system is nonlinear, non-stationary and hierarchical, which makes even harder to detect and analyze abrupt climate changes. As well known, climatic system is made up of several sub-systems, and there may be inherent connections between them; however, there is only a few research methods and theories in this field. This article introduces a new detecting method, the heuristic segmentation algorithm, which is well fitted to nonlinear and non-stationary time series. Then, dealing with northern hemisphere tree rings and Beijing stalagmite based on high and low frequency series, we try to distinguish abrupt changes in different sles and disclose its physial mechanism. Defining a new physical quantity, the abrupt density, and analyzing the distribution characteristics of abrupt changes before and after 1000 a, We take Huabei area's climatic change as an example to explore the inherent connections between local and global areas.

BackgroundPakistan is highly vulnerable to climate change due to its geographic location, high dependence on agriculture and water resources, low adaptive capacity of its people, and weak system of emergency preparedness. This paper is the first ever attempt to rank the agro-ecological zones in Pakistan according to their vulnerability to climate change and to identify the potential health repercussions of each manifestation of climate change in the context of Pakistan.MethodsA climate change vulnerability index is constructed as an un-weighted average of three sub-indices measuring (a) the ecological exposure of each region to climate change, (b) sensitivity of the population to climate change and (c) the adaptive capacity of the population inhabiting a particular region. The regions are ranked according to the value of this index and its components. Since health is one of the most important dimensions of human wellbeing, this paper also identifies the potential health repercussions of each manifestations of climate change and links it with the key manifestations of climate change in the context of Pakistan.ResultsThe results indicate that Balochistan is the most vulnerable region with high sensitivity and low adaptive capacity followed by low-intensity Punjab (mostly consisting of South Punjab) and Cotton/Wheat Sindh. The health risks that each of these regions face depend upon the type of threat that they face from climate change. Greater incidence of flooding, which may occur due to climate variability, poses the risk of diarrhoea and gastroenteritis; skin and eye Infections; acute respiratory infections; and malaria. Exposure to drought poses the potential health risks in the form of food insecurity and malnutrition; anaemia; night blindness; and scurvy. Increases in temperature pose health risks of heat stroke; malaria; dengue; respiratory diseases; and cardiovascular diseases.ConclusionThe study concludes that geographical zones that are more exposed to climate change in ecological and geographic terms- such as Balochistan, Low-Intensity Punjab, and Cotton-Wheat Sindh -also happen to be the most deprived regions in Pakistan in terms of socio-economic indicators, suggesting that the government needs to direct its efforts to the socio-economic uplift of these lagging regions to reduce their vulnerability to the adverse effects of climate change.

This study assessed climate change awareness and perception in selected coastal communities in Ghana’s Western and Central Regions using a mixed-methods approach. Findings revealed that 85% of respondents were aware of climatic shifts. While the majority (67%) perceived climate change impacts as severe, attention given to climate change issues varied across communities. Climate change was linked to anthropogenic and religious factors. Additionally, manifestations of climate change, such as rising temperatures, were spatially differentiated. A moderate positive correlation was found between climate change severity and attention paid to it ( r = .30; p < .01). Chi-Square tests showed that community (χ 2 = 11.64; p = .009), marital status ( χ 2 = 18.64; p = .001), education ( χ 2 = 15.40; p = .009), and religion ( χ 2 = 24.28; p = .000) significantly influenced climate awareness. Conversely, gender, occupation, and age were not statistically significant. The study highlights disparities in climate perception, despite the clear impact of climate change on these regions.

This paper shows how coastal and island peoples of Guinea-Bissau continue to prefer staying put over migrating when faced with manifestations of climate change and environmental disrepair. This reaction contradicts widely held interpretations of climate migration, which emphasize anti-immigrant sentiments and border regimes. We examine how historically marginalized Bissau-Guineans respond to slow-onset climate and environmental events in the face of political jeopardy and inadequate governance. We find that while their most pressing livelihood challenges remain politically unaddressed, they mobilize collectively in the absence of state support. While seasonal and temporary migration improves households' conditions, communal togetherness and bonding reinforce a vital sense of security, allowing them to stay put. Coping with present and future climate and environmental changes depends on whether or not people's lives continue to be undermined through the creation and reproduction of vulnerability. To overcome the long-standing socio-economic and political dysfunctions overwhelming Bissau-Guineans, we highlight the urgency for an overturn of the state’s attitudes and actions; of the dependency and cultural asymmetries by Western practices; and of the unjust support of civil society. Failure to provide basic requirements of good governance, self-reliance and communal support may no longer enable people to stay where they wish to.

‌Climate change arises from a combination of natural factors, such as solar radiation and volcanic activity, and human activities like industrial emissions and deforestation. These factors contribute to increased levels of carbon dioxide and methane, resulting in global warming and the occurrence of extreme weather events. Interestingly, references to various climate change phenomena, including rainfall, wind, earthquakes, and floods, can be found in the Qur'an and Sunnah. The main objective of this study is to strengthen the confidence of believers by highlighting the scientific wonders contained within these religious texts and how they relate to today's society. To achieve this, the study adopts a descriptive, analytical, and inductive approach, drawing upon a range of sources such as previous research, classical scientific literature, electronic resources, and online databases. Ultimately, the study confirms the existence of evidence regarding climate change within the Qur'an and Sunnah, and recommends further investigation in this area. The aim is to foster scientific inquiry and demonstrate the ongoing relevance of these religious texts in addressing contemporary challenges, specifically climate change. By delving into this subject, the study aims to bridge the gap between religious teachings and our current scientific understanding. It has the potential to significantly influence future discussions and research on climate change that integrate both faith and science.

Manifestations of climate change are already creating significant stress in many parts of the world. On-going increases in greenhouse gas emissions are tracking the upper level scenario forecasts proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. This indicates a high probability that climate change stress will intensify over the coming decades. Consequently, responding through climate adaptation must become a central tenet of successful urban governance and management. Climate change adaptation is defined as an imperative in this thesis. The institutionalisation of climate adaptation is identified as a key institutional challenge for urban and metropolitan planning. Institutionalisation refers to climate adaptation becoming established, codified and implemented as a central tenet of planning governance. This thesis develops conceptual understandings of climate adaptation as an institutional imperative. It identifies the intersection of this problem with planning and examines how planning regimes, as institutions, can better manage climate change stresses impacts in human settlements. Institutional transformation is identified as central to this process. Planning regimes must transform in order to institutionalise new rules of governance, which are designed to better respond to climate change stress through climate adaptation. A new conceptualisation of institutional transformation is presented in this thesis, focused on a new typology of stressors, referred to as ‘transformative stressors’. This is based on an argument that institutional scholarship does not adequately articulate the idea that certain stressors can create such severe stresses that institutional transformation must follow, or the institutions charged with responding risk failing or becoming redundant. A transformative stressor is characterised as a chronic, large-scale phenomenon, which triggers a process of institutional transformation, whereby institutions seek to re-orientate their activities in order to better respond to the social, economic and environmental impacts created by the transformative dynamic. Climate change is characterised as a transformative stressor within the institutional context of urban and regional planning. Institutional transformation, leading to climate adaptation becoming established as a central element of planning governance, is identified as a necessary response to the social, economic and environmental stress associated with of climate change.

In recent years, the term "climate change" has been widely utilized worldwide. Almost everyone knows or bears an idea of the definition of the phrase in mind. Climate change has become part of the global agenda, being the topic of discussion in the realm of numerous international conferences. Climate change poses a threat to global security as it poses a danger to various aspects of human life. For instance, lives are occasionally lost due to weather events triggered by changing weather conditions, and food scarcity caused by these changing conditions that can limit people's access to food in many ways. One manifestation of climate change is the occurrence of extreme weather events, characterized by a rise in global temperatures, increased frequency of cyclones, floods, and droughts. The objective of this research is to understand what SADC countries are doing at the regional level to mitigate the effects of climate change on food security. While developing the research, documentary and bibliographic techniques are applied. However, secondary sources including the analysis of works carried out by other researchers have allowed a better understanding into the problem and broadened the scope through the provision of answers to the problem scrutinized by the research.

The term climate change (and also the broader term global change that includes climate change) has today almost become a common household term. Most people can relate one way or the other to varying climate conditions and what they may mean to them. However, it is usually not before some “bad weather” hits a region that people start to realize that climate, climate variability and climate change may have very concrete consequences for their daily life. No later than at this point, questions are raised about the more concrete causes and consequences of climate change. And these questions are equally asked and discussed by politicians, the business community and the public at large. It is these questions that have driven climate science for the last few decades. While the initial emphasis has been on the “global picture,” there has been an increasing urge to narrow the focus down to regional or even sub-regional investigations and assessments. Even more so as we began to realize just how different the manifestations of climate changes and their impacts are, depending on the particular region one looks at. Another important observation has been that “climate science” needs to include more than the physical sciences it started from. This recognition stems from the realization that the climate system goes far beyond the physical world and include societal processes that change, for example, the atmosphere’s composition and land surface. Moreover, when it comes to addressing the consequences of climate change and possible mitigation and adaptation, disciplines such as economics or sociology have to be consulted to come up with results that are more than “academic.” Climatic Change (2008) 87:1–6 DOI 10.1007/s10584-007-9368-7

One manifestation of climate change is the increasingly severe extreme weather that causes injury, illness and death through heat stress, air pollution, infectious disease and other means. Leading health organisations...

In recent years, the international community has been increasingly concerned about climate change. This is due to the harm it poses to people and other living things in particular. This study aims to advance the body of knowledge regarding how climate change affects sustainable development in Nigeria. Additionally, data for this study was gathered from secondary sources, including books, journals, and websites, and it was then analysed using content analysis. Additionally, this study makes the case that increased desertification, heatwaves, droughts, and floods, particularly in the country's northern regions, are all manifestations of climate change. Last but not least, the National Assembly needs to swiftly ratify the numerous international agreements on environmental protection in order to address the mounting environmental threats that climate change poses to Nigeria.

Papua New Guinea is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change since it encompasses 17,000 km of coastline, 600 low-lying islands, and 2,000 coastal villages. It is vulnerable to sea-level rise and other manifestations of climate change. Climate change provides new and unprecedented challenges that demand equally new and urgent efforts to meet them. Research and development efforts are taking rapid strides forward in understanding what is going to happen to farming, fishery, and forest systems as the climate changes. The interactions that will occur with other global changes within this complex and dynamic situation, as well as the trade-offs between food security, livelihoods, and environmental security are also being studied. PNG is engaging new strategies, forging new partnerships and truly integrating approaches. Climate change risks are effectively mainstreamed in development planning at all levels to build in adaptation and mitigation measures. This chapter looks at these new strategies.

Wetlands are recognized for their socio-environmental value and capacity to provide ecosystem services (ES) that are currently threatened by diverse drivers, including those derived from climate change. These changes in the ES delivery may not be recognized by their users, and to determine the extent to which communities are aware of the presence and importance of coastal wetlands, participatory workshops were held in four coastal communities in northwestern Mexico following the Metaplan methodology. The effects produced by extreme rainfall events (as a manifestation of climate change) on wetlands and their ES, were also analyzed. Four coastal wetlands (estuaries, saltmarshes, mangroves, and lagoons) were among the most important ecosystems, while poor fishing practices, mangrove deforestation, and pollution, were identified as their main threats. Climate change, land use changes and water mismanagement, also threat wetlands. There were a few differences among communities, mostly related to the number of ES and their categories; nonetheless, saltmarshes and mangroves were priority wetlands in the communities included in this study, recognizing the ES they provide. Most of the participants in all communities coincided on the main threats and pressures facing wetlands and their ES, particularly those related to climate change, which also affect their livelihoods. But, despite the awareness, regional coastal wetlands continue to decline, considering that participatory processes are necessary for establishing the importance of wetlands while incorporating traditional knowledge, alternative actions, and novel solutions into management actions that may be scaled from the community level into regional development strategies.