Abstract
Fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks must meet a number of unique criteria, including 1,000 times the system capacity of fourth-generation (4G) networks, a broader scope (encompassing millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies ranging from 450MHz to 100GHz), faster data rates, better latency, and lower energy and cost. Several sophisticated technologies, like as mmWave and massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), have been proposed to meet the above-mentioned criteria, posing new issues in channel modelling. Because channel parameters influence the performance limit of wireless communication systems, an adequate channel model is required for building, analyzing, and optimizing wireless communication systems. Massive uniform planar arrays (UPAs) operating in the mmWave frequency band will be crucial enablers in the fifth generation of mobile networks (5G) to fulfill the stringent demands of the new standard.
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