Abstract
Recent experiments performed in the shallow waters (100 m deep) of the Gulf of Mexico, East Continental Shelf of America, and the Korean Straits under the condition of downward refraction with sandy–silty clays are discussed. These experiments were performed with both explosive, air gun, and continuous sources covering the 100‐Hz to 1‐kHz frequency range. The receivers were both horizontal arrays on the bottom and vertical arrays which spanned the water column. Precise navigation was employed to eliminate range uncertainties and all measurement systems were calibrated to a traceable standard. The results are presented in the categories of sound transmission, reverberation, and coherence. Sound transmission results were found to generally agree with wave‐theoretic numerical codes and shear was not found to be important. The reverberation was found to have a frequency‐dependent characteristic consistent with sediment layering. Coherence lengths are estimated from array signal gain measurements in the midfre...
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