Abstract
Borneol, a traditional Chinese medicine, can enhance therapeutic efficacy by guiding the active ingredients to the target site. Reportedly, borneol improves the penetration capacity of the nasal, cornea, transdermal, intestinal, and blood-brain barriers. Although nanotechnology dramatically changed the face of oncology by targeting tumor sites, the efficiency of nanoparticles delivered to tumor sites is very low, with only 0.7% of the total particles delivered. Thus, based on the penetration ability and the inhibition drug efflux of borneol, it was expected to increase the targeting and detention efficacy of drugs into tumor sites in nanocarriers with borneol modification. Borneol modified nanocarriers used to improve drug-targeting has become a research focus in recent years, but few studies in this area, especially in the antitumor application. Hence, this review summarizes the recent development of nanocarriers with borneol modification. We focus on the updated works of improving therapeutic efficacy, reducing toxicity, inhibiting tumor metastasis, reversing multidrug resistance, and enhancing brain targeting to expand their application and provide a reference for further exploration of targeting drug delivery systems for solid tumor treatment.
Highlights
Malignant tumors are one of the most devastating diseases, seriously affecting human life worldwide
natural borneol NPs (NBNPs) exerted excellent selectivity between A549 and normal lung fibroblast cells WI38 cells, exhibiting great targeting. These results demonstrated that nanolization of natural borneol (NB) improved the antitumor activity and sensitization to GFT than free NB, owing to how some moieties of NBNPs had been exposed after nanolization and enhanced the cellular uptake of GFT
The penetration efficiency of CGKRK-PSNPs with the assistance of borneol increased to 23.85% compared to without borneol (18.38%) in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) model established through BCEC cells
Summary
Malignant tumors are one of the most devastating diseases, seriously affecting human life worldwide. Nanocarriers can increase the concentration of a drug at the tumor site via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, which reduces systemic toxicity [7,8,9,10]. This phenomenon was first discovered by Matsumura and Maeda in 1986 when. This review first describes the recent research progress of borneol in combination with nanocarriers such as NPs, nanoemulsions, liposomes, dendrimers, polymer micelles, and lipoprotein nanocomposites for improving therapeutic efficacy, reducing the toxicity, inhibiting tumor metastasis, reversing MDR, and enhancing brain targeting in solid tumor treatment. Borneol markedly loosens the intercellular tight junctions in the BBB and accelerates the transport of substances through the intercellular passages, and TABLE 1 | The penetration promoting effect of borneol in brain, corneal, nasal mucosa, skin, and gastrointestinal mucosa
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