Abstract
In recent years, with the development of materials science and architectural art, ensuring the safety of modern buildings is the top priority while they are developing toward higher, lighter, and more unique trends. Structural health monitoring (SHM) is currently an extremely effective and vital safeguard measure. Because of the fiber-optic sensor’s (FOS) inherent distinctive advantages (such as small size, lightweight, immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI) and corrosion, and embedding capability), a significant number of innovative sensing systems have been exploited in the civil engineering for SHM used in projects (including buildings, bridges, tunnels, etc.). The purpose of this review article is devoted to presenting a summary of the basic principles of various fiber-optic sensors, classification and principles of FOS, typical and functional fiber-optic sensors (FOSs), and the practical application status of the FOS technology in SHM of civil infrastructure.
Highlights
Modern large-scale civil engineering such as bridges, tunnels, space shuttles, large dams, and other infrastructure facilities have significant applications
The significance of utilizing FS laser is: (i) The laser polished surface helps eliminate the external reflection of the diaphragm surface, so that the sensor is not affected by changes in the refractive index of the environment; (ii) the cavity length of Fabry–Perot interferometric (FPI) can shorten to further reduce the cross-sensitivity to temperature; (iii) the thickness of the diaphragm can be controlled to meet the specific requirements for pressure sensitivity and measurement range
In the past few decades, since Structural health monitoring (SHM) has come into our sight, it has been an important direction in the development of large-scale civil engineering
Summary
Modern large-scale civil engineering such as bridges, tunnels, space shuttles, large dams, and other infrastructure facilities have significant applications. Real-time SHM for major engineering structures can timely identify the cumulative damage of the structure and evaluate its service performance and life, and establish a corresponding safety early warning mechanism for early warning of possible disasters, which is of great scientific significance for improving the safety and reliability of the structure, and can reduce the cost of operation and maintenance of the structure. It has become the inevitable requirement of the future engineering, and a tough issue to be solved urgently [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14]. Fabry–Perot fiber-optic sensor (FPFOS) [62,63,64,65], fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor [66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74], optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) [75,76,77,78], and long-period fiber grating (LPFG) sensor [79,80,81]
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