Recent progress in green synthesized transition metal-based oxides in lithium-ion batteries as energy storage devices

Abstract

Transition metal-based oxide nanoparticles have been greatly employed in many areas relevant to mankind and can be synthesized through various routes such as chemical, physical, and green synthesis methods. Research on green synthesized transition metal-based oxide materials with structure at nanometer scale has gained considerable attention over decades due to the synergy effects between the metal ion and phyto-constituents in the green element source. Researchers have reported that nanoparticles produced through green synthesis have glaring advantages such as fewer toxic impurities, environmentally benign, low-cost thrifty, high-rate performance, better stability, ability to control the particle's shape and size, amongst others when compared to others synthesized via conventional approaches. Consequent upon that, serious attentions is currently being deployed in the green chemistry education as the better alternative to achieve a sustainable and transformative innovative synthesis technique. This review highlights a brief outlook of green synthesis using leaf extract as a reducing/oxidizing agent, electrochemical properties of transition metal-based oxide nanoparticles synthesized via green synthesis. By focusing on green synthesis method using leaf extract, the hope is that such transformative innovative technique will enhance the production of high-rate performance transition metal-based oxide electrode for LIB and other high energy storage devices applications. This will drastically reduce the use of synthetic chemicals that pollutes environment.