Abstract
The Conducting of polymers belongs to the class of polymers exhibiting excellence in electrical performances because of their intrinsic delocalized π- electrons and their tunability ranges from semi-conductive to metallic conductive regime. Conducting polymers and their composites serve greater functionality in the application of strain and pressure sensors, especially in yielding a better figure of merits, such as improved sensitivity, sensing range, durability, and mechanical robustness. The electrospinning process allows the formation of micro to nano-dimensional fibers with solution-processing attributes and offers an exciting aspect ratio by forming ultra-long fibrous structures. This review comprehensively covers the fundamentals of conducting polymers, sensor fabrication, working modes, and recent trends in achieving the sensitivity, wide-sensing range, reduced hysteresis, and durability of thin film, porous, and nanofibrous sensors. Furthermore, nanofiber and textile-based sensory device importance and its growth towards futuristic wearable electronics in a technological era was systematically reviewed to overcome the existing challenges.
Highlights
Recent trends have evolved to numerous stimuli-based electronic appliances, especially in terms of understanding human biological and physiological fitness
The majority of the strain sensor response can be widely recorded as electrical outputs and, in a few studies, it has been analyzed with optical measurements
Polythiophene and its derivatives are the most investigated for designing the spectrum of optoelectronic applications such as solar cell, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), field effect transistors, memory devices
Summary
Recent trends have evolved to numerous stimuli-based electronic appliances, especially in terms of understanding human biological and physiological fitness. This review highlights the importance of polymer composites and nanofibers in the fabrication of strain and pressure sensors. This review details the classification of strain and pressure sensor fabrication and its importance in overcoming existing sensory challenges such as sensitivity, operating range, durability, response time, stability, and their adaptability to sensing environments. Conductive hybrid networks, functionalized composites, co-polymeric systems, 2D nanostructures, structural modifications, and nanofibrous architectural strategies are moving progressively towards the attainment of crucial characteristics in strain and pressure sensors [35,36,37,38,39]
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