Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming has been suggested as a hallmark of cancer progression. Metabolomic analysis of various metabolic profiles represents a powerful and technically feasible method to monitor dynamic changes in tumor metabolism and response to treatment over the course of the disease. To date, numerous original studies have highlighted the application of metabolomics to various aspects of tumor metabolic reprogramming research. In this review, we summarize how metabolomics techniques can help understand the effects that changes in the metabolic profile of the tumor microenvironment on the three major metabolic pathways of tumors. Various non-invasive biofluids are available that produce accurate and useful clinical information on tumor metabolism to identify early biomarkers of tumor development. Similarly, metabolomics can predict individual metabolic differences in response to tumor drugs, assess drug efficacy, and monitor drug resistance. On this basis, we also discuss the application of stable isotope tracer technology as a method for the study of tumor metabolism, which enables the tracking of metabolite activity in the body and deep metabolic pathways. We summarize the multifaceted application of metabolomics in cancer metabolic reprogramming to reveal its important role in cancer development and treatment.
Highlights
In recent years, metabolism, as an important link between environmental factors, metabolic small molecules, host genes and diseases, has gained increasing interest regarding its relationship with tumors
In a study that investigated significant metabolomic changes in plasma in the early and late stages of 4T1 metastatic breast cancer in mice, the plasma arginine concentration was higher during the early stage of metastasis but gradually decreased, and the urine-arginine/arginine ratio increased in the late stages (Kus et al, 2018)
The biomarker signature could be identified as a differential diagnosis between pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and chronic pancreatitis (CP)
Summary
Reviewed by: Stefana Cacciatore, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), South Africa Christos K. Metabolomic analysis of various metabolic profiles represents a powerful and technically feasible method to monitor dynamic changes in tumor metabolism and response to treatment over the course of the disease. We summarize how metabolomics techniques can help understand the effects that changes in the metabolic profile of the tumor microenvironment on the three major metabolic pathways of tumors. Metabolomics can predict individual metabolic differences in response to tumor drugs, assess drug efficacy, and monitor drug resistance. On this basis, we discuss the application of stable isotope tracer technology as a method for the study of tumor metabolism, which enables the tracking of metabolite activity in the body and deep metabolic pathways.
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