Abstract
Hemicellulose is an important component of plant cell walls, which is mainly used in biofuels and bioproducts. The hemicellulose extracted from different plant sources and plant locations has different microstructure and molecule. Wheat straw is an important biomass raw material for the extraction of hemicellulose. The aims of this review are to summary the recent developments and various applications of hemicellulose from wheat straw. The microstructure and molecule of hemicellulose extracted by different methods are comparably discussed. The hemicellulose-based derivatives and composites are also reviewed. Special attention was paid to the applications of hemicellulose such as biofuel production, packaging field, and adsorbent. The problems and developing direction were given based on our knowledge. We expect that this review will put forward to the development and high-value applications of hemicellulose from wheat straw.
Highlights
Hemicellulose can be defined as cell wall polysaccharides, which binds strongly to cellulose microfibrils by hydrogen bonds and Van der Waals force (Carvalheiro et al, 2008; Liu et al, 2020; Liu K. et al, 2021)
This current review aims to describe the recent developments and various applications of hemicellulose from wheat straw, introduce the structures and molecules of hemicellulose extracted by different methods, provide the applications as biofuel production, packaging materials, and adsorbent via some typical examples about the hemicellulose-based derivatives and composites, and suggest the problems and develops direction of hemicellulose from wheat straw
Rapid progress had paid on the developments of wheat straw hemicellulose
Summary
Hemicellulose can be defined as cell wall polysaccharides, which binds strongly to cellulose microfibrils by hydrogen bonds and Van der Waals force (Carvalheiro et al, 2008; Liu et al, 2020; Liu K. et al, 2021). A high-pressure CO2 was used as catalyst for the selective hydrolysis of wheat straw hemicellulose on the hydrothermal production of hemicellulosederived sugars (Relvas et al, 2015) It yielded 79.6 g of xylooligosaccharide per 100 g of the initial xylan content, compared with that of water (70.8 g). Sun et al (2011) extracted the 87% of original hemicellulose from the sequential treatments of barley straw using alkali treatments It obtained the acidic arabinxylans as the major polysaccharides, substituted by α-l-arabinofuranose, 4-O-methyl-glucuronic acid, acetyl group, and xylose at O-3 and/or O-2 of xylan. Seven residual hemicelluloses were extracted from wheat straw pretreated with various organic solvents using 1.8% H2O2-0.18% cyanamide at 50◦C and pH 10.0 for 4 h (Sun et al, 2005b) It obtained heteropolysaccharides containing xylose, glucose, arabinose, galactose, mannose, rhamnose, and 4-O-methyl-αD-glucopyranosyluronic acid for the hemicellulose. Simple to operate; the separation effect is significant The simplest and most commonly used method
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