Abstract
In recent years, lanthanide-doped upconversion nanocrystals have been developed as a new class of fluorescent probe that have become promising alternatives to organic fluorophores and quantum dots for applications in biological and medical fields. This technique offers large anti-Stokes shifts, low autofluorescence background, sharp emission bandwidths, high photochemical stability, and deep penetration depth. According to the recently reports, NaLuF4 is a better host material for lanthanide upconversion compared to the classic NaYF4 host. Some reviews concerning the upconversion nanocrystals have been reported, but no one focuses on the NaLuF4-based nanocrystals. In this review, recent reports regarding the synthesis of NaLuF4-based nanocrystals and their upconversion luminescence properties, surface modification, and biological applications are summarized.
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