Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a common human herpes virus known to infect the majority of the world population. Infection with EBV is often asymptomatic but can manifest in a range of pathologies from infectious mononucleosis to severe cancers of epithelial and lymphocytic origin. Indeed, in the past decade, EBV has been linked to nearly 10% of all gastric cancers. Furthermore, recent advances in high-throughput next-generation sequencing and the development of humanized mice, which effectively model EBV pathogenesis, have led to a wealth of knowledge pertaining to strain variation and host-pathogen interaction. This review highlights some recent advances in our understanding of EBV biology, focusing on new findings on the early events of infection, the role EBV plays in gastric cancer, new strain variation, and humanized mouse models of EBV infection.
Highlights
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), known as human herpes virus 4, is a gamma-herpes virus that infects the majority of the world’s population
While chronic active EBV (CA-EBV) patients often had EBV+ T cells in the blood, other EBV+ lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD) patients contained EBV in monocytes as well as non-B, non-T, non-monocyte cell types based on surface staining[49]. This population is certainly skewed from the norm with elevated viral loads and altered EBV immune responses, these findings suggest that EBV infection of T cells may be clinically relevant in some instances
Concluding remarks The recent advances described in this review address many of the key questions facing the EBV field today
Summary
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), known as human herpes virus 4, is a gamma-herpes virus that infects the majority of the world’s population. Following acute lytic replication in epithelial cells, EBV infects B cells where a distinct set of latency-associated genes and transcripts are expressed[1]. Advances in next-generation sequencing and the development of humanized mice have led to better ways to identify and understand the natural strain variation that occurs with EBV.
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