Recent Advances in Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Trifluoromethylation and Related Transformations

Abstract

The incorporation of fluorine-containing moieties into organic compounds is of great importance in pharmaceutical, agricultural, and materials science. Transition-metal-mediated perfluoroalkylation reactions have been studied in the past few decades and, owing to need for low-cost and environmentally friendly processes in the industrial and academic communities, the catalytic reaction has attracted much attention and has become a hot research field. Herein, an overview of recent advances on transition-metal-catalyzed trifluoromethylation and difluoromethylation reactions is given. Trifluoromethylthiolation and trifluoromethoxylation reactions are also reviewed. 1 Introduction 1.1 Transition-Metal–Trifluoromethyl Complexes 1.2 Stoichiometric Trifluoromethylation 2 Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Trifluoromethylation 2.1 Copper-Catalyzed Reactions 2.2 Palladium-Catalyzed Reactions 2.3 Other Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Reactions 3 Difluoromethylation 3.1 Direct Difluoromethylation 3.2 Indirect Difluoromethylation 4 Trifluoromethylthiolation 5 Trifluoromethoxylation 6 Conclusion