Abstract
Over the past few years, great attention is paid to syngas production processes from different resources especially from abundant sources, such as methane. This review of the literature is intended for syngas production from methane through the dry reforming (DRM) and the steam reforming of methane (SRM). The catalyst development for DRM and SRM represents the key factor to realize a commercial application through the utilization of more efficient catalytic systems. Due to the enormous amount of published literature in this field, the current work is mainly dedicated to the most recent achievements in the metal-oxide catalyst development for DRM and SRM in the past five years. Ni-based supported catalysts are considered the most widely used catalysts for DRM and SRM, which are commercially available; hence, this review has focused on the recent advancements achieved in Ni catalysts with special focus on the various attempts to address the catalyst deactivation challenge in both DRM and SRM applications. Furthermore, other catalytic systems, including Co-based catalysts, noble metals (Pt, Rh, Ru, and Ir), and bimetallic systems have been included in this literature review to understand the observed improvements in the catalytic activities and coke suppression property of these catalysts.
Highlights
The continuous reliance on fossil fuels as a major energy source has a huge influence on the environment contributing in the undesirable increased emissions of anthropogenic greenhouse gases
Syngas could be produced from various feedstocks including gaseous, solid, and liquid hydrocarbons using processes, such as dry reforming (DR), steam reforming (SR), partial oxidation (POX), and autothermal reforming (ATR)
A detailed comparison analysis of the advantages and disadvantages between the different syngas production processes is reported by Wilhelm and coworkers to determine the optimum combination of processes for the production of syngas to be used in Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis [3]
Summary
The continuous reliance on fossil fuels as a major energy source has a huge influence on the environment contributing in the undesirable increased emissions of anthropogenic greenhouse gases. Syngas production has a significant contribution in reducing greenhouse gases emission carbon dioxide (CO2) via the more efficient syngas-based power generation plants, as well as fuel cell technologies. Syngas conversion into clean liquid fuels through the Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis provides a cleaner route for exploiting fossil fuels by reducing the greenhouse gases emissions at the end-user side. The use of catalysts in DRM and SRM reactions is essential to improve the reaction kinetics and achieve a maximum production of syngas by reducing the activation energy of the desired reactions without being consumed in the process.
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