Recent advances in sonodynamic therapy by MOFs-based platforms for biomedical applications

Abstract

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a new treatment method combining low-intensity ultrasound with sono-sensitizers, which has the advantages of non-invasiveness as well as low side effects, and has a very broad application prospect in antitumor clinics because of its high penetration ability to tissues and hence can be used to treat some deep lesions. Nevertheless, the clinical application of SDT is seriously affected by factors such as hypoxia of tumor microenvironment and low bioavailability of sono-sensitizers, and its in vivo tumor suppression efficiency is far from the desired expected effect. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are new hybrid crystalline porous materials synthesized using metal nodes and organic ligands. With a large specific surface area, adjustable and modifiable structures, good biodegradability, high drug loading, controlled drug release, and strong targeting, MOF can serve as a powerful multifunctional platform to effectively solve some of the problems faced in SDT. In this review, we present different types of MOFs as super-efficient sono-sensitizers carriers and the latest research progress in the area of MOFs having sonosensitizers as organic ligands to enhance SDT, using different types of sono-sensitizers as an entry point. Finally, we summarize some pertinent issues in ultrasound dynamics in potential practice and the future development prospect of ultrasound dynamics.