Abstract
In the face of complex environments, considerable effort has been made to accomplish sensitive, accurate and highly-effective detection of target analytes. Given the versatility of metal clusters and ligands, high porosity and large specific surface area, metal–organic framework (MOF) provides researchers with prospective solutions for the construction of biosensing platforms. Combined with the benefits of electrochemistry method such as fast response, low cost and simple operation, the untapped applications of MOF for biosensors are worthy to be exploited. Therefore, this review briefly summarizes the preparation methods of electroactive MOF, including synthesize with electroactive ligands/metal ions, functionalization of MOF with biomolecules and modification for MOF composites. Moreover, recent biosensing applications are highlighted in terms of small biomolecules, biomacromolecules, and pathogenic cells. We conclude with a discussion of future challenges and prospects in the field. It aims to offer researchers inspiration to address the issues appropriately in further investigations.
Highlights
Rapid industrial developments and modern lifestyle have affected human health, for which people pay more attention to the dynamics of their physical condition (Pettinari et al, 2021)
Metal–organic framework (MOF)-based electrochemical sensors have been proposed for detecting viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (El-Sherif et al, 2021), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (Lu et al, 2021), hepatitis-C virus (HCV) (Sheta et al, 2020), which are essential for diagnostic treatment and delaying the spread of diseases
This review focuses on the application of electroactive MOF to electrochemical biosensing
Summary
Rapid industrial developments and modern lifestyle have affected human health, for which people pay more attention to the dynamics of their physical condition (Pettinari et al, 2021). Metal–organic framework (MOF) is a hybrid material in which metal ions are bridged with organic ligands. Conductivity, and catalytic site utilization of MOF have somewhat limited its electroactivity, the tunable nature and high mass-transfer efficiency make it ideal for electrochemical biosensing platforms (Wang et al, 2018). MOF-based electrochemical sensors have been proposed for detecting viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (El-Sherif et al, 2021), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (Lu et al, 2021), hepatitis-C virus (HCV) (Sheta et al, 2020), which are essential for diagnostic treatment and delaying the spread of diseases. Examples of the functional MOF-materials used in electrochemical biosensors are summarized, including small molecule metabolites, neurotransmitters, nucleic acids, vitamins, antigens, enzymes, and pathogenic bacteria or cells. The trends and challenges in this field are discussed, concentrating on the structure–function relation in electroactive MOF, and on new designs for practical electrochemical sensing devices
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