Abstract
Here, I update the recent advances and current status of Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), since we have reported for the first time that porcine GM-CSF gene in a DNA vaccine formulation exerted immuno-adjuvant and protective effects against Aujeszky’s (Pseudorabies)viral disease to the natural host pigs with a single vaccination. GM-CSF has been broadly used as an adjuvant in preclinical DNA vaccine studies for cancer and viral diseases. Currently, GeoVax Labs, Inc. reported a recombinant HIV vaccine (GEO-D03) that co-expresses the human GM-CSF and non-infectious HIV-1 virus-like particles (VLPs) is being evaluated in HIV infected young adults in several Phase I studies (NCT01571960). In addition, I summarized here the outcomes of the use of GM-CSF in DNA vaccine for other viral diseases. Further, phase 3 clinical studies reported that GM-CSF showed an improvement in patient outcome when applied in combination with suitable anti-tumor vaccines. However, GM-CSF in excessive levels was reported to expand myeloid suppressor cells that were shown to dampen adaptive immune responses.
Highlights
I update the recent advances and current status of Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), since we have reported for the first time[1,2] that a DNA vaccine formulation with porcine GM-CSF gene exerted immuno-adjuvant effects and protected the natural host pigs against Aujeszky’s (Pseudorabies) viral disease with single vaccination
The hematopoietic cytokine GM-CSF has been shown as an efficient adjuvant in DNA vaccine preclinical studies for cancer and viral diseases
Xiang Z et al.[3] first reported that GM-CSF is a genetic adjuvant for DNA vaccine
Summary
I update the recent advances and current status of Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), since we have reported for the first time[1,2] that a DNA vaccine formulation with porcine GM-CSF gene exerted immuno-adjuvant effects and protected the natural host pigs against Aujeszky’s (Pseudorabies) viral disease with single vaccination. The hematopoietic cytokine GM-CSF has been shown as an efficient adjuvant in DNA vaccine preclinical studies for cancer and viral diseases. Xiang Z et al.[3] first reported that GM-CSF is a genetic adjuvant for DNA vaccine.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
