Abstract
When two embedded defects are in close proximity to one another, they are recategorised as a single defect following rules representative of engineering practice or based on our present knowledge of fracture mechanics. Similarly, a single embedded defect approaching a free surface may have to be recategorised as a surface defect. The rules contained in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes, in BSI-PD6493 and in CEGB-R6 are compared to stress intensity factors determined by photoelasticity for a number of configurations and it is concluded that these rules do not provide a truthful assessment of the state of stress at the ligament between a pair of defects or between a defect and a nearby free surface, resulting in excessive conservatism in some cases.
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