Abstract
Allowing abstraction in program specifications increases modularity and comprehen- sibility and is as important in specifications as it is in the program itself; two such abstraction mechanisms are method invocations and model fields. However, method invocations do not map neatly into the first-order logics that are often used for assuring the correctness of specifications. One problem is translating specifications in a way that acknowledges the potential for exceptional behavior. Furthermore, translating model fields into verification conditions exposes the non-trivial interactions between frame conditions and the model representations. The ESC/Java2 tool has been able to achieve a practical translation of method invocations and model fields within the design constraints of its parent tool, ESC/Java. Furthermore, the techniques used are applicable to other specification constructs such as generalized quantifiers.
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