Abstract
To determine the influence of N fertilizer management on rice yield and rice quality under diversified rotations and establish a high-yield, high-quality, and environmentally friendly diversified planting technology, a rapeseed/wheat–rice rotation system for 2 successive years was implemented. In those rotation systems, a conventional N rate (Nc; 180 kg/hm2 N in rape season, 150 kg/hm2 N in wheat season) and a reduced N rate (Nr; 150 kg/hm2 N in rape season, 120 kg/hm2 N in wheat season) were applied. Based on an application rate of 150 kg/hm2 N in the rice season, three N management models were applied, in which the application ratio of base:tiller:panicle fertilizer was 20%:20%:60% in treatment M1, 30%:30%:40% in treatment M2, and 40%:40%:20% in treatment M3. Zero N was used as the control (M0). The results showed that, under Nc and Nr in the rape season, M3 management produced an increase in rice yield. The average rice yields in 2018 and 2019 were 9.41 t/hm2 and 9.54 t/hm2, respectively. An increase in rice peak viscosity, hot viscosity, break disintegration, and chalkiness was achieved. Under Nc and Nr in the wheat season, the panicle fertilizer of 40%:40%:20% in rice season produced a higher rice yield. The average yield was 9.45 t/hm2 and 9.19 t/hm2, respectively, and an increase in rice peak viscosity, hot viscosity, and break disintegration was produced. Reduced N for rapeseed and the panicle fertilizer of 40%:40%:20% in rice season under a rapeseed–rice rotation system can be recommended to stabilize yield and ensure high-quality rice production and environmentally friendly rapeseed–rice rotation systems in southern China.
Highlights
It is known that rice plays an important role in the world
Reasonable nitrogen fertilizer management increases the yield of rice but is an important cultivation measure to regulate the quality of production [4,5]
Straw returned to the field can effectively increase the rice yield, roughness rate, polished and whole rice rate, reduce chalky grain rate, chalkiness and amylose content, increase the aspect ratio and gel consistency, and improve the rice processing quality and appearance quality, taste quality, and nutritional quality [8,9]
Summary
It is known that rice plays an important role in the world. With the improvement of living standards, consumers pay more attention to rice quality, the eating/cooking quality. Under the wheat–rice and rapeseed–rice rotation model, straw returned to the field and nitrogen fertilizer management have a significant effect on the nitrogen use efficiency of hybrid rice [12]. Under conditions of a nitrogen application rate of 2.25 t/hm and 4.50 t/hm , and a nitrogen fertilizer operation with a ratio of the base tiller to panicle fertilizer of 6:4–8:2, the chalkiness and amylose content of rice are reduced, while the gel consistency and protein content are reduced, which can improve the cooking and eating quality and nutritional quality of rice [15]. In this study, under a rapeseed–rice and wheat–rice rotation system, the straw of rape and wheat were returned to the field, and different nitrogen fertilizer management treatments were used. The objective was to determine the effects of optimized nitrogen fertilizer application on the yield and quality of hybrid indica rice under a rapeseed/wheat–rice rotation system
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