Reason and Revelation in the Tafsir Al-Kashshaf: Mu'tazilah's Study of the Verses of Tanzih I'tiqodiyah

This study aims to see the study of the Qur'an in Indonesia during the years 2015 to 2021 through dissertations at UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, UIN Alauddin Makassar, UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya and UIN Walisongo Semarang. Historically, the five institutions have provided doctoral programs for a long time and are influential in producing Islamic knowledge in Indonesia. This study seeks to map the typology of the study, the issue being discussed, and the methodology developed. The data collection process was carried out by entering the college repository, mapping the results of existing dissertations and analyzing them. This study shows that throughout 2015-2020, there were 78 dissertations discussing various issues. While the study typology shows that the existing dissertation is dominated by 37 leaders' studies (47.43%) followed by the Study of Thematic Qur'an as many as 23 pieces (29.48%), the Ulumul Qur'an study of 10 pieces (12.82%) and the study of the Qur'an in everyday life as many as 8 pieces (10.26%). Typology of this study shows the development of methodology in the discourse of Quranic studies, although it is still dominated by the aspects of thematic Qur'anic thinking and studies.

This study analyses the urgency of the Arabic language in the study of the Ulumul Qur'an. Arabic is essential for Muslims to study in order to fully comprehend the meaning of a verse in the Qur'an, especially for mufassir. As a result, the Arabic language and the Qur'an form a unified whole that cannot be separated. The writers applied a qualitative method patterned literature studies with descriptive analytic techniques in this research. The finding of this research is the study of Ulumul Qur’an which requires a comprehension od Arabic (ashwat, mufradat, qawa’id, and dilalah) where it can be seen in discussion of munasabah Al-Qur’an, muhkam and mutasyabih, the sound of ‘am and khash i’jaz, qasam, amtsal and Al-Qur’an interpretation (Tafsir).

Qur'anic exegesis (tafsir) occupies a special place in the development of intellectual traditions and Islamic civilization at large. As the primary source of Islamic teachings, Muslims have, for centuries, strived to understand the various meanings of the Qur'an in ways that meet the needs of contemporary society through diverse methods, including hermeneutics. This article aims to discuss the hermeneutical approach used by M. Amin Abdullah in the discourse of Qur'anic interpretation. This study falls into the category of qualitative research using a library research method, in which data is derived from textual studies or books relevant to the topic under discussion. The data analysis technique employed in this research is content analysis, used to analyze written data in the form of communicative content. The results of this study reveal that M. Amin Abdullah's hermeneutics generally align with the broader study of hermeneutics. However, the methodological distinction of his approach lies in the epistemological foundation of an integrative-interconnective paradigm in Islamic studies. Due to this methodological distinction, M. Amin Abdullah's hermeneutics possess a unique character in producing meaning in the study of Qur'anic exegesis. Keywords: exegesis; Qur'an; hermeneutics

This article discusses the concept of munasabah reconstruction in the ulumul Qur’an branch. The problem is a lack of deep understanding of this concept as well as the need for a more systematic approach to implementing it. The aim is to explore a better understanding of the concept of munasabah reconstruction and provide a clear method for applying it in the study of Qur’anic ulumul. The exegetical method used Is a comprehensive analysis of classical and modern texts that discuss munasabah in the Al-Qur’an, as well as a study of relevant methodological approaches. Through this approach, researchers identify the principles underlying the concept of munasabah reconstruction, such as the relationship between the verses of the Qur’an and the historical context and social environment at the time the revelation was revealed. The results of this research indicate that munasabah reconstruction plays an important role in understanding and interpreting the Qur’an more holistically. By applying these principles, readers can gain a deeper understanding of the messages of the Qur’an and their relevance to the contemporary context. In addition, this article also highlights the importance of developing a more systematic methodology in understanding classical concepts such as munasabah so that they can be applied more effectively in the study of Qur’anic ulumul.

Interacting with the verses of the Qur'an by conducting analytical activities that stop at the linguistic context and its grammatical structure will not be sufficient to pursue the ultimate truth (maqasid asasiyah). Under such conditions, a secondary device is required to open layers of messages that are settled in text that can not be comprehensively understood from the grammatical perspectives of the text. The device in the study of linguistics is called pragmatic. Pragmatic presence in linguistic studies is context-dependent. The context intended in this pragmatic is not only the personalized context of the -particular (asbab al-nuzul khassah), but also the universal self-impersonal context (asbab al-nuzul 'ammah).Based on the above phenomenon, this research is about to reveal three important issues; First, what is the theory of pragmatics and pragmatics of the Qur'an ?.Secondly, how is the basic assumption of the Qur'anic pragmatics and the steps? Third, what are the contributions of pragmatic theory in the study of Qur'anic commentary ?. The goal, in addition to knowing the intent of pragmatic theory and pragmatics of the Qur'an, is also to unravel the basic assumptions of the Qur'anic pragmatics and what are their contributions in the study of tafsir.This research is library research. The primary data source is the Qur'an about the story of Maryam, while the secondary data is in the form of books of tafsir or books relevant to the theme of the story and pragmatic theory. The procedure is linguistic analysis using critical discourse analysis to reveal the ideology tucked behind the language and phenomenological analysis of the discourses that are told to dismantle the contribution of pragmatic theory in the study of the Qur'anic commentary.This study yields the following conclusions: First, the pragmatics of the Qur'an is a discipline that examines the Qur'ân from the standpoint of the relationship between the dyberic linguistic context; and triadic non-linguistic contexts. Secondly, the basic assumption of pragmatics of the Qur'an is because this scripture does not descend in empty space, but has a dialectical connection to Arab socio-cultural reality. In addition, the Qur'an is a holy book that uses the language media that is full of meaning and subjectivity of the mufassir. Thirdly, the contribution of prasetics in the study of Qur'anic interpretation shows that, (a) the presence of the theory of perlokusi as the instrument of determining the meaning of speakers whether in the form of declarative, imperative or other sentences. (b) implicatures as a deadlock solution of textual grammatical understanding and (c) the presence of pragmatics itself as a tool of understanding based on its context oriented to appropriateness in meaning and oriented appropriateness in form.

Background and Objectives: The study of Qur'ānic interpretation is an evolving field of scholarly inquiry that attracts scholars from around the world. This study aims to explore the contributions and approaches used by Western scholars in the study of the Qur'ān, and to see how changes in methodologies and perspectives in the interpretation of this sacred text affect its understanding and application in modern contexts. Methodology: Descriptive-analytical approach with library research method. The data sources used include books, journals, and scientific articles relevant to the theme of the study. Main Findings: Qur'anic studies continue to experience significant methodological variations, from criticism to the development of new methodologies. Hermeneutics and historical-critical approaches are the main methods used by Western scholars in understanding the Qur'an. The findings show that scriptural interpretation is always contextual and dynamic, influenced by social, cultural and political changes. Involvement: The contributions of Western scholars have significantly enriched Qur'anic studies through the use of innovative and critical methodologies. For instance, the application of the hermeneutic approach has deepened and contextualized the understanding of the Qur'anic text. Additionally, these contributions have introduced new methods that Muslim scholars can adopt to enhance their perspectives on interpreting the sacred text. Conclusion: The studies by Western scholars illustrate that interpreting these sacred texts remains pertinent to contemporary situations and can generate new ideas shaped by social, cultural contexts and academic methodologies. This research emphasizes the importance of inter-civilizational dialogue and openness to new approaches in studying sacred texts to achieve a more comprehensive and objective understanding.

This article aims to look at the history of tadabbur knowledge in Saudi Arabia as an alternative trend in understanding the Qur’an in the contemporary era. The study of Qur’anic reading dominated by hermeneutical-contextual discourse ignores other responses to the complexity of understanding and applying Qur’anic content. The stagnation of the development of Qur’anic interpretation in Saudi Arabia is not entirely true. One form of response that has become a trend is the recitation of tadabbur al-Qur’ān. This is indicated by the massive publication of various books on tadabbur in the last twenty years (2000–2020), which symbolizes the alternation of Saudi Arabian scholars in responding to contemporary interpretive discourse. Tadabbur inspiration can be found in three works of tafsir written by Saudi scholars beginning with ‘Abdurraḥmān Sa‘dī, Shaykh Uthaimīn, and Shaykh Sulaymān al-Lāḥīm. Through a survey and brief review of the idea of tadabbur in the knowledge network of Qur’anic exegesis in Saudi Arabia, this study found three main trends. First, the influence of Salafi ideology as an idea that underlies the dissemination of the concept of Qur’anic tadabbur. Second, revitalization efforts were made by ‘Abdurraḥmān Ḥabannakah in making tadabbur a separate discipline. Third, as a response to the diversity of contextual-applicative approaches dominated by the hermeneutic approach to the Qur’an. These three trends become a form of methodological response of Saudi Arabian scholars to the discourse of reading the Qur’an that developed in the contemporary era.

In the history of interpretation of the Qur’an we find that the study of Qur’anic interpretation started from the time of the Messenger of Allah until the present time. From the period in which the commentary is learned and studied through the riwayat (narration) and talqin (indoctrination) from a teacher to his student until the time when every person ‘feel’ to have the authority to interpret the verses of the Qur’an. The study of Qur’anic intepretation has undergone the tremendous growth in the fourth phase of the compilation period (tadwin). That was the phase in which the interpretation of the Qur’an wass controlled by the interpretation based on reason and the opinion of the interpreter (mufassir); interpretations coloured by various sects and schools of thought. The development of this kind of interpretation, although believed to be a logical consequence of the development history of science, but then not necessarily be accepted by the ulamas and received positive appreciation of them. Like Muhammad Husein adh Dhahabi, Muhammad Abu Zahrah, and so forth. For Imam Muhammad Abu Zahrah (1898-1974/1315-1394) the interpretation of the Quran which is based on a variety of goals and interests as well as a variety of comprehension and thinking like that, in fact was often away from the substance of Al-Quran; obscure its miracle power, destroying the real meaning and even provide commentary on the sometimes contradictory with the fundamentals of Islamic teaching. This is awakening his awareness and encourage him to try to straighten out and provide an alternative of more actual interpretation. So he finally wrote a book of tafsir named “Zahratu al Tafasir”. This interpretation is different from the books of the previous tafsir books. At least, he did not want to simply follow the tradition (taqlid), the method or the way used by previous mufassir.

The study of Qur’anic interpretation has never been dry since the classical era to the contemporary age right now. During its development, it had been able to bring and raised many figures and their monumental works. One of them who is brilliant is al-'Allama Muhammad al-Amin al-Syinqithy, with his book Adhwâ’ al-Bayân. This book of Qur’anic interpretation has been a critical spotlaght in the modern Muslim scholar. Through the book, alSyinqithy seek to understand the Qur'an by special character according to his personality and basic ability of the Qur’anic Interpretation. One of the discussion which is often be held among thinkers is the interpretation of one verse with another verse (Tasir al-Qur'an bi al-Quran). It is based on examples of the interpretation done by him in various verses of the Qur'an. The style of interpretation Fiqhi is also quite obvious in it. Simply i said, this book is very descent to be served as one of the intellectual wealth of Islam in the realm of Qur’anic interpretation study.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the potential and challenges of the integration of Natural Language Processing (NLP) technology in the study of Qur'an interpretation in response to the need for more adaptive interpretation in the digital era. Theoretical framework: The theoretical framework of this research is based on the interdisciplinary between Islamic studies, computational linguistics, and artificial intelligence, especially in the context of Natural Language Processing. Literature review: The literature review includes classical and contemporary literature on Qur'anic interpretation, as well as an exploration of digital projects that utilize NLP in the processing of religious texts. Methods: This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach based on a literature study to analyze the development of NLP technology and its relevance in interpretation studies. Results: The results show that NLP has great potential as a strategic tool in Islamic education, da'wah, and research, especially if it is developed ethically and collaboratively between experts from various disciplines. Implication: The implication of this study is the need to build a digital interpretation system that is not only technologically sophisticated, but also sensitive to the theological, cultural, and spiritual values of Muslims. Novelty: The novelty of this research lies in the proposal of NLP integration as an alternative approach in the study of contextual and adaptive interpretation of the Qur'an to the needs of the digital generation, as well as the emphasis on the importance of cross-field collaboration to ensure scientific accuracy and relevance.

This article discusses about the biography of Amin al-Khuli and his thought; literary interpretation of the Quran (TafsirSastrawi). He offers this method because the Quran is Arabic(‘arabiyyunmubin). Therefore, the understanding of the Quran can only be revealed by using literary interpretation (tafsirsastrawi). This method has two important studies: the study of the external Quran (dirasah mahawla al-Qur’an) and the study of the internal Quran (dirasah ma fi al-Qur’an)

Background and Objectives: The concept of the ideal state in Islamic political science is often analyzed from the perspective of male mufassirs, while women's views are rarely considered. This study explores the characteristics of the ideal state according to Bintu Shafi'. The female perspective is considered to make a significant and unique contribution to understanding the concept of the ideal state in Islam. Methodology: This research utilizes a qualitative method with a literature review approach, using al-Tafsir al-Bayani li al-Quran al-Karim as the primary source and other relevant references as secondary sources. Data were collected through documentation techniques by focusing on related keywords such as state and Bintu Shaṭi', as well as relevant Qur'anic verses. The analysis was done thematically, especially on Surah Al-Balad. Main Findings: The ideal state includes three main elements: security, food security and leadership quality. The state must be able to provide security for all citizens, especially women, maintain food security, and be led by leaders who are honest, trustworthy, transparent, and intelligent like the Prophet Muhammad. This research contributes to enriching the literature on the concept of the ideal state in Islam with a more inclusive and diverse perspective, and emphasizes the importance of including women's perspectives in the study of Qur'anic interpretation and the concept of the state. Conclusion: the perspectives of women, such as Bintu Shafi', provide valuable insights into understanding the concept of the ideal state in Islam. The ideal state pays attention to security, food security, and the quality of leadership.

There is no doubt that the contextual approach is a contemporary linguistic methodology, particularly in modern semantics, which has played a significant role in the study of texts. Accordingly, these new mechanisms can be applied to the exegesis of the Qur’anic texts while maintaining adherence to the general principles of the Qur’anic interpretation. This article examines the contextual approach and its mechanisms for understanding both the clear and the elusive aspects of the Qur'an. It addresses a specific question: does the study of Qur'anic texts via a contextual approach yield a new semantic dimension distinct from prior approaches? Do these new mechanisms offer linguists potential solutions to issues that have proven problematic? Does this, in turn, enrich linguistic research in general and Qur'anic studies in particular? Moreover, is it possible to benefit from modern linguistic studies in applying the contextual approach to the exegesis of its verses while taking into account the peculiarity of the Qur’anic text as being “divine in origin,” “Arabic in language,” and “universal in message”?

This study deals with the historical development of the exegesis of the Noble Qur'an from the first century of Islam to the end of the third century. It explains the events that elevated tafsir in this era. During these periods, the study of tafsir has gradually gained methodical activity; the Prophet's teachings to the noble Companions was the highest development towards the evolution of Quranic exegesis. However, the Prophet taught them the Qur'an and solved their problem concerning the understanding of the Quran. The paper highlights the striving of the companions in devoting their lives to learning the Qur'anic Tafsir. Therefore, the mainstream exegesis is traced to the Prophet PBUH and his companions. Then the research also elucidates the exegetical position of the successors after the companions to extend the era of the genesis of tafsir to the third century. Lastly, the study listed the scholarly roles played by these golden generations of Islam to achieve the knowledge of the authentic meaning of the Qur'an and its connotations. However, current scholars are highly advised to employ academic efforts on the study of Qur’anic exegesis in line with the direction of these three Muslim’s generations.

A Cultural Ambassador East and West: J. Hillis Miller’s <i>Lectures in China</i>