Realization of potential productivity of winter crops in the Middle Volga region

Abstract

The study of 5 varieties of winter rye, 6 varieties of winter triticale and 2 varieties of winter wheat of winter crops was carried out in the breeding fields of the Samara niish, located in the steppe zone of the Middle Volga region, in the nursery of competitive testing in 2002-2019. For scientific justification, we calculated the potential productivity (Ut), the really possible potential yield (Double p), the really possible maximum yield (Double m), the bioclimatic potential (BCP), and correlation analysis. The purpose of the work: to determine the possible yield of winter crops and propose measures to achieve the data obtained in the arid conditions of the Volga region. In the conducted studies, the maximum yield of triticale was obtained in 2017 – 7.48 t / ha, rye-5.88 t / ha, wheat in 2016-4.65 t / ha. The potential yield, taking into account ?T10°C for the growing season of the crop, for triticale was obtained in 2017 -3.02 t / ha, for winter rye in 2005-6.83 t / ha, for winter wheat in 2005-2.79 t / ha. The variation of the indicator (BCP) over the years reached significantly higher values from 0.62 to 1.16 points for winter rye, from 0.30 to 0.60 for winter triticale and wheat. With rational plant protection from weeds, pests and diseases and optimal plant nutrition, the studied varieties are able to grow intensively in the arid conditions of the Volga region, form a good strong root system, a well-developed conducting stem system, a large ear that can intensively use the flow of heat energy, and consistently provide a yield of 3.0-4.0 t / ha.