Realization of all-optical hybrid photonic diode and all-optical modulation through spatial self-phase modulation utilizing solution-processed chalcogenide glass as nonlinear optical materials

Abstract

This study represents the first investigation into the nonlinear optical response of Ge25Sb5Se70 chalcogenide glass colloid using the spatial self-phase modulation technique with a 403 nm laser beam. Spatial self-phase modulation patterns were recorded within the glass colloid at different input powers, and the optical parameters were measured. Furthermore, the study demonstrates the first-ever realization of an all-optical chalcogenide glass/titanium oxide hybrid photonic diode through the unidirectional excitation of spatial self-phase modulation patterns. All-optical modulation in chalcogenide glass colloids through spatial self-phase modulation employing multiple wavelengths (403 nm and 632.8 nm) was also demonstrated. These findings suggest promising applications of chalcogenide glass-based photonic devices in nonlinear optics, particularly in areas such as all-optical switching and signal processing.