Abstract
Realistic rendering techniques of outdoor Augmented Reality (AR) has been an attractive topic since the last two decades considering the sizeable amount of publications in computer graphics. Realistic virtual objects in outdoor rendering AR systems require sophisticated effects such as: shadows, daylight and interactions between sky colours and virtual as well as real objects. A few realistic rendering techniques have been designed to overcome this obstacle, most of which are related to non real-time rendering. However, the problem still remains, especially in outdoor rendering. This paper proposed a much newer, unique technique to achieve realistic real-time outdoor rendering, while taking into account the interaction between sky colours and objects in AR systems with respect to shadows in any specific location, date and time. This approach involves three main phases, which cover different outdoor AR rendering requirements. Firstly, sky colour was generated with respect to the position of the sun. Second step involves the shadow generation algorithm, Z-Partitioning: Gaussian and Fog Shadow Maps (Z-GaF Shadow Maps). Lastly, a technique to integrate sky colours and shadows through its effects on virtual objects in the AR system, is introduced. The experimental results reveal that the proposed technique has significantly improved the realism of real-time outdoor AR rendering, thus solving the problem of realistic AR systems.
Highlights
In contrast to indoor rendering, outdoor rendering consists of more components such, for example: position of the sun, sky colours, shadows, rainbows, haze, trees, grass and etc
Z-GaF Shadow Maps Implementing the two first steps of Z-GaF algorithm are the conventional shadow maps whose results are illustrated in Figure 6 (A)
Splitting the Z-depth to 2 to 4 partitions depends on the distance of the objects from the cameras viewpoint allows to change the resolution of each partition (Figure 6 B)
Summary
In contrast to indoor rendering, outdoor rendering consists of more components such, for example: position of the sun, sky colours, shadows, rainbows, haze, trees, grass and etc. This paper begins, attempting a working definition for some of the more important parameters for outdoor rendering. Sky colours, shadows and interaction between the sky colours and other objects are the more significant components when it comes to outdoor environments. These factors are taken into account because they are the prominent components of outdoor environments [1] [2]. In AR, realism can be achieved through entering shadows as well as inducing interaction between objects [6] [7] [8] [9]
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