Abstract
Femtosecond-laser surface structuring on metals is investigated in real time by both fundamental and second harmonic generation (SHG) signals. The onset of surface modification and its progress can be monitored by both the fundamental and SHG probes. However, the dynamics of femtosecond-laser-induced periodic surface structures (FLIPSSs) formation can only be revealed by SHG but not fundamental because of the higher sensitivity of SHG to structural geometry on metal. Our technique provides a simple and effective way to monitor the surface modification and FLIPSS formation thresholds and allows us to obtain the optimal FLIPSS for SHG enhancement.
Highlights
Laser-matter interaction has been extensively investigated ever since the invention of laser in 1960
To our knowledge second harmonic generation (SHG) has never been used to probe the femtosecond-laser-induced periodic surface structures (FLIPSSs) formation on metal in spite of its high sensitivity on said structures. We investigated both the fundamental frequency (FF) and nonlinear SHG dynamics reflected from a metal surface during the femtosecond-laser processing as a function of the pulse number and the incident fluence
To further verify the proposed method, we studied the correlation between SHG and FLIPSS at different fluence levels
Summary
Laser-matter interaction has been extensively investigated ever since the invention of laser in 1960. Femtosecond-laser-induced periodic surface structures (FLIPSSs) have been extensively studied due to their ability to modify the optical, chemical, physical and wetting properties of various materials [1, 10]. Linear optical signals have been used to study the FLIPSS formation dynamics with pulse number on carbon film and fused silica [23, 24]. We investigated both the fundamental frequency (FF) and nonlinear SHG dynamics reflected from a metal surface during the femtosecond (fs)-laser processing as a function of the pulse number and the incident fluence. A single beam is applied to induce both the ablation and the detected reflection signals at the same time This setup ensures the real-time and in situ monitoring of surface modification. Our proposal paves a simple and new way to study the fs-laser-induced surface structure change in real time and to realize surface structures optimized for antireflection or nonlinear optics
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