Abstract
Polarimetric determination of glucose is known to be strongly affected by scattering in turbid media. Other effects like fluctuations of light source emission and sample absorption also deteriorate glucose predictability. This work presents a measurement setup using a real-time data processing method to address these problems. The approach uses the frequency-dependent intensity components created when the polarization of the incident light is periodically modulated by a Faraday rotator. The efficacy of the proposed method was verified experimentally for a glucose range of 0 - 500 mg/dl. It was shown that the approach reduces the prediction errors in slightly turbid media from 35.7 mg/dl down to 1.17 mg/dl. In a similar way, the glucose predictability for fluctuating light source emission was improved from ±16.16 mg/dl to ±1 mg/dl and for varying sample absorbance from ±15.69 mg/dl to ±1.23 mg/dl, respectively. Therefore, considerable improvement of robustness and reproducibility of glucose determination was demonstrated.
Highlights
Over the past years diabetes continues to be a growing problem
According to the World Health Organisation’s (WHO) annual report on diabetes, the proportion of people afflicted with diabetes nearly doubled from 1980 until 2014 [1]
#2: Relative percentage changes for and depending on LED current normalized to the maximum current of 360 − 440 mA delivering uncertainties of ±0.03 % for It (ω), ±0.02 % for It (2ω) and ±0.03 % for Measurement #3: The same relative changes depending on Allura Red AC concentration of 0 − 0.2 mg/dl normalized to the maximum of 0 − 0.2 mg/dl leading to ±0.05 %, ±0.02 %
Summary
Over the past years diabetes continues to be a growing problem. According to the World Health Organisation’s (WHO) annual report on diabetes, the proportion of people afflicted with diabetes nearly doubled from 1980 until 2014 [1]. Since rotation-dependent transmitted light intensity is influenced by the absolute amount of emitted light, as shown more detailed in subsection 2.2, we present an approach to increase the reproducibility and robustness of a Faraday-modulated polarimeter setup. We demonstrate that this method can be applied to reduce the disturbance impact of scattering by turbid media on glucose predictability This is an alternative method to other approaches using closed loop systems [3, 13,14,15,16] and PEM-modulated polarimeters [7, 9, 11, 17, 18] as described in subsection 2.2
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